How to Spend Less Money When Things Are Expensive

A2

How to Spend Less Money When Things Are Expensive

Introduction

Two articles give advice on how to spend less money. Prices for fuel, electronics, and other things are high. This is because of problems in the world and new rules. The advice is about food, energy, and other spending.

Main Body

The first article is from WIRED. It says prices are high for many reasons. The conflict with Iran makes gasoline more expensive. A shortage of parts makes electronics cost more. New taxes on imported goods make them cost more. A financial teacher named Tiffany Aliche says the economy goes up and down. She has seen many ''worst times'' before. She says to stop reading bad news. Remove social media apps from your phone. Use only less addictive apps. She also says to look at your credit card bills. Find things you do not need, like subscriptions. You can stop them. She calls this a ''ramen noodle budget''. She also says to make a plan for very hard times. For example, move in with family or get a roommate. You do not have to do it now. Other tips from WIRED staff: use credit card points for travel, use a smart thermostat to save energy when you are not home, buy used electronics from stores like Apple, use Facebook Marketplace for furniture and baby things. Use apps like Too Good to Go for cheap restaurant food, Libby for free library ebooks, and YNAB for budgeting. One person says to use a bag that can change into a backpack to avoid airline fees. Another says to buy food in big amounts and freeze it to not waste. The second article is from Metro. It talks to a professor of consumer psychology, Cathrine Jansson-Boyd, and a CEO, Oisín Hanrahan. Jansson-Boyd says people shop the same way every time. They go to the same stores and buy the same things. This makes them spend too much. She says to look at all the food in your kitchen before you go shopping. Do not buy things you already have. Set a strict budget. Use supermarket apps to see the total cost as you shop. Hanrahan says to buy store-brand products instead of name brands. These are cheaper. Buy frozen fish. It can be 50% cheaper than fresh fish. Buy whole vegetables and garlic. Do not buy cut or minced ones. They cost more. Jansson-Boyd says to change recipes. Use spices and ingredients you already have. Do not always order the same things online. Compare prices at different stores. She says Aldi was the cheapest supermarket in the UK in February 2026. Other tips: use a shopping basket, not a trolley, to buy less. Check the price per unit, not just sale signs. Do not buy in big amounts if you cannot eat it all before it goes bad.

Conclusion

Both articles say the same thing. If you change how you shop, you can spend less money. Plan what you buy. Compare prices. Do not waste food or things. The advice is different for food, technology, and travel. But the main idea is the same. You can spend less by changing your habits and using tools.

Vocabulary Learning

budget
A plan for how much money you can spend on different things.預算,開支計劃。
Example:I make a budget to control my spending.
cheap
Not costing a lot of money; low price.便宜的,價錢低的。
Example:Store-brand food is cheaper than name brands.
price
The amount of money you need to pay for something.價錢,價格。
Example:The price of bread is high this month.
save
To keep money for later instead of using it now.儲錢,留待將來使用。
Example:I want to save money for a new phone.
spend
To use money to buy things.用錢去買東西。
Example:I spend money on food every week.

Sentence Learning

Prices for fuel, electronics, and other things are high.
This sentence uses the present simple tense 'are' to describe a current state. The subject is 'prices' and the adjective 'high' describes them.本句使用現在簡單式 'are' 來描述當前的狀態。主詞是 'prices',形容詞 'high' 用來描述它們。
Remove social media apps from your phone.
This is an imperative sentence giving a command. The verb 'remove' is in the base form. The object is 'social media apps' and the location is 'from your phone'.這是一個祈使句,用來發出指令。動詞 'remove' 使用原形。受詞是 'social media apps',地點是 'from your phone'。
Buy used electronics from stores like Apple.
This is an imperative sentence. The verb 'buy' is in the base form. 'Used electronics' is the object, and 'from stores like Apple' tells where.這是一個祈使句。動詞 'buy' 使用原形。'Used electronics' 是受詞,'from stores like Apple' 說明地點。
Do not buy things you already have.
This is a negative imperative sentence. 'Do not' is used to give a prohibition. 'Buy' is the base verb. 'Things you already have' is the object, with a relative clause 'you already have'.這是一個否定祈使句。'Do not' 用來表示禁止。'Buy' 是原形動詞。'Things you already have' 是受詞,其中包含關係子句 'you already have'。
Plan what you buy.
This is an imperative sentence. The verb 'plan' is in the base form. 'What you buy' is a noun clause acting as the object of 'plan'.這是一個祈使句。動詞 'plan' 使用原形。'What you buy' 是名詞子句,作為 'plan' 的受詞。
B2

Financial Advisors and Consumer Experts Offer Strategies for Reducing Personal Spending Amid Economic Pressures

Introduction

Two separate advisory pieces, one from a technology-focused publication and another from a consumer psychology perspective, have compiled recommendations for individuals seeking to reduce their spending. The advice addresses the current economic environment, which is characterized by higher costs for fuel, electronics, and imported goods. These increases are due to international conflicts and trade policies. The guidance covers grocery shopping, household energy use, and discretionary spending.

Main Body

The first source, from WIRED, points to several reasons for higher consumer costs: the conflict involving Iran has led to higher gasoline prices; a shortage of RAM components has raised prices for electronics; and tariffs imposed by the Trump administration have increased the cost of many imported goods. Financial educator Tiffany Aliche, author of a New York Times bestseller, stated that the economy operates in cycles and that she has seen many periods described as ''worst times.'' She recommends reducing exposure to anxiety-causing news by removing social media apps from mobile devices and limiting their use to less addictive platforms. Aliche also advises consumers to look carefully at their credit card statements to find discretionary spending, such as subscriptions, that can be cut—a strategy she calls the ''ramen noodle budget.'' She further suggests making a backup plan for severe financial hardship, such as moving in with relatives or getting a roommate, without necessarily putting it into action immediately. Additional tips from WIRED staff include getting the most out of credit card reward points for travel, using smart thermostats to reduce energy use when away from home, buying used or refurbished electronics from trusted retailers like Apple, and using peer-to-peer marketplaces such as Facebook Marketplace for furniture and baby items. The article also recommends apps like Too Good to Go for discounted restaurant surplus food, Libby for free library ebooks, and YNAB for budgeting. One contributor recommends a convertible duffel backpack that avoids airline carry-on fees, while another emphasizes buying in bulk and freezing food to reduce waste. The second source, from Metro, features insights from Cathrine Jansson-Boyd, a professor of consumer psychology at Anglia Ruskin University, and Oisín Hanrahan, CEO of a supply chain platform. Jansson-Boyd argues that shopping habits—such as going to the same supermarkets and buying the same items—lead to unnecessary spending. She recommends taking a complete inventory of kitchen cupboards, fridge, and freezer before shopping to avoid buying duplicates. She also advises setting a strict budget and using supermarket loyalty apps with a scan-and-shop feature to track the total cost in real time. Hanrahan suggests replacing branded items with store-brand products, which have become more common due to the cost-of-living crisis, and choosing frozen fish, which can be up to 50% cheaper than fresh. He also advises buying whole vegetables and garlic instead of pre-cut or minced versions to avoid extra costs for packaging. Jansson-Boyd encourages changing recipes by using existing spices and ingredients as substitutes, and warns against automatically buying the same items from online grocery lists without comparing prices across stores. She notes that Aldi was identified as the cheapest supermarket in the UK in February 2026 by Which?. Additional practical tips include using a shopping basket instead of a trolley to limit purchases, checking unit prices rather than focusing only on sale signs, and avoiding bulk purchases unless the entire quantity will be consumed before it spoils.

Conclusion

Both sources agree that careful changes in behavior—such as planning purchases, comparing prices, and reducing waste—can significantly lower personal expenses. Although the specific recommendations vary by area (grocery shopping, technology, housing, transportation), the main idea is that consumers can reduce the effect of rising costs through systematic changes in their buying habits and by using available tools and resources.

Vocabulary Learning

buying in bulk
Purchasing large quantities of a product, often at a lower unit price批量購買(大量購買以節省單價)
Example:One contributor recommends buying in bulk and freezing food to reduce waste.
cost-of-living crisis
A period when the cost of essential goods and services rises faster than income, causing financial strain生活成本危機(必需品價格急升導致經濟壓力)
Example:Hanrahan suggests replacing branded items with store-brand products, which have become more common due to the cost-of-living crisis.
discretionary spending
Money spent on non-essential items or services that you can choose to buy or not非必要開支(可選擇性消費)
Example:She advises consumers to look carefully at their credit card statements to find discretionary spending, such as subscriptions, that can be cut.
peer-to-peer marketplaces
Online platforms where individuals buy and sell goods directly from each other, without a middleman點對點交易平台(個人之間直接買賣的平台)
Example:The article recommends using peer-to-peer marketplaces such as Facebook Marketplace for furniture and baby items.
unit prices
The price per standard unit (e.g., per kilogram, per liter) used to compare value across different package sizes單價(每單位價格,用於比較不同包裝的價值)
Example:Additional practical tips include checking unit prices rather than focusing only on sale signs.

Sentence Learning

The advice addresses the current economic environment, which is characterized by higher costs for fuel, electronics, and imported goods.
Relative clause ('which is characterized') adds extra information about the environment; passive voice ('is characterized') makes the description formal and objective.關係子句('which is characterized')補充說明環境;被動語態('is characterized')使描述更正式客觀。
Financial educator Tiffany Aliche, author of a New York Times bestseller, stated that the economy operates in cycles and that she has seen many periods described as ''worst times.''
Appositive ('author of...') gives background; reported speech with 'stated that' and parallel 'and that' structures; passive 'described as' emphasizes the label.同位語('author of...')提供背景;'stated that'引述,並用'and that'平行結構;被動'described as'強調標籤。
Although the specific recommendations vary by area (grocery shopping, technology, housing, transportation), the main idea is that consumers can reduce the effect of rising costs through systematic changes in their buying habits and by using available tools and resources.
'Although' introduces contrast between varied recommendations and a single main idea; 'through' and 'by' show methods to achieve the goal.'Although'引出建議多樣與單一主旨的對比;'through'和'by'表示達成目標的方法。
Aldi was identified as the cheapest supermarket in the UK in February 2026 by Which?
Passive voice ('was identified') focuses on the result (Aldi being cheapest) rather than the agent; 'by Which?' adds the source formally.被動語態('was identified')聚焦結果(Aldi最便宜)而非施動者;'by Which?'正式補充來源。
Jansson-Boyd argues that shopping habits—such as going to the same supermarkets and buying the same items—lead to unnecessary spending.
'Argues that' introduces a claim; dashes set off examples ('such as...'); the clause structure clearly links habits to consequence.'Argues that'引出論點;破折號標示例子('such as...');子句結構清楚連結習慣與後果。
C2

Financial Advisors and Consumer Experts Offer Strategies for Reducing Personal Expenditure Amid Economic Pressures

Introduction

Two separate advisory pieces, one from a technology-focused publication and another from a consumer psychology perspective, have compiled recommendations for individuals seeking to reduce their spending. The advice addresses the current economic environment characterized by elevated costs for fuel, electronics, and imported goods, attributed to geopolitical events and trade policies. The guidance spans grocery shopping, household energy use, and discretionary spending.

Main Body

The first source, from WIRED, cites multiple contributing factors to increased consumer costs: the conflict involving Iran has led to higher gasoline prices; a shortage of RAM components has raised prices for electronics; and tariffs imposed by the Trump administration have increased the cost of a broad range of imported goods. Financial educator Tiffany Aliche, author of a New York Times bestseller, is quoted as stating that the economy operates in cycles and that she has observed multiple periods described as ''worst times.'' She recommends reducing exposure to anxiety-inducing news by removing social media applications from mobile devices and limiting their use to less addictive platforms. Aliche further advises consumers to scrutinize credit card statements to identify discretionary spending, such as subscriptions, that can be eliminated—a strategy she terms the ''ramen noodle budget.'' She also suggests formulating a contingency plan for severe financial hardship, such as moving in with relatives or acquiring a roommate, without necessarily implementing it immediately. Additional tips from WIRED staff include maximizing credit card reward points for travel, using smart thermostats to reduce energy consumption when away from home, purchasing used or refurbished electronics from reputable retailers like Apple, and utilizing peer-to-peer marketplaces such as Facebook Marketplace for furniture and baby items. The article also recommends apps like Too Good to Go for discounted restaurant surplus food, Libby for free library ebooks, and YNAB for budgeting. One contributor advocates for a convertible duffel backpack that avoids airline carry-on fees, while another emphasizes buying in bulk and freezing food to reduce waste. The second source, from Metro, features insights from Cathrine Jansson-Boyd, a professor of consumer psychology at Anglia Ruskin University, and Oisín Hanrahan, CEO of a supply chain platform. Jansson-Boyd argues that habitual shopping behaviors—such as frequenting the same supermarkets and purchasing the same items—contribute to unnecessary expenditure. She recommends taking a complete inventory of kitchen cupboards, fridge, and freezer before shopping to avoid buying duplicates. Setting a strict budget and using supermarket loyalty apps with a scan-and-shop feature to track total cost in real time is advised. Hanrahan suggests substituting branded items with private-label (own-brand) products, which have become more prevalent due to the cost-of-living crisis, and opting for frozen versions of fish, which can be up to 50% cheaper than fresh. He also advises buying whole vegetables and garlic rather than pre-cut or minced versions to avoid packaging markups. Jansson-Boyd encourages deviating from recipes by using existing spices and ingredients as substitutes, and warns against automatically reordering the same items from online grocery lists without comparing prices across stores. She notes that Aldi was identified as the cheapest supermarket in the UK in February 2026 by Which?. Additional practical tips include using a shopping basket instead of a trolley to limit purchases, checking unit prices rather than focusing solely on sale signs, and avoiding bulk purchases unless the entire quantity will be consumed before spoilage.

Conclusion

Both sources converge on the principle that deliberate behavioral adjustments—such as planning purchases, comparing prices, and reducing waste—can meaningfully lower personal expenses. While the specific recommendations vary by domain (grocery shopping, technology, housing, transportation), the underlying theme is that consumers can mitigate the impact of rising costs through systematic changes in their purchasing habits and by leveraging available tools and resources.

Vocabulary Learning

contingency
A future event or circumstance that is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty.應急方案;備用計劃
Example:She also suggests formulating a contingency plan for severe financial hardship, such as moving in with relatives or acquiring a roommate, without necessarily implementing it immediately.
discretionary
Available for use at the discretion of the user; not required for essential needs.可自由支配的;非必需的
Example:Aliche further advises consumers to scrutinize credit card statements to identify discretionary spending, such as subscriptions, that can be eliminated.
mitigate
To make less severe, serious, or painful.減輕;緩和
Example:The underlying theme is that consumers can mitigate the impact of rising costs through systematic changes in their purchasing habits.
prevalent
Widespread in a particular area or at a particular time.普遍的;盛行的
Example:Hanrahan suggests substituting branded items with private-label products, which have become more prevalent due to the cost-of-living crisis.
scrutinize
To examine or inspect closely and critically.仔細審查;詳盡檢查
Example:Aliche further advises consumers to scrutinize credit card statements to identify discretionary spending, such as subscriptions, that can be eliminated.

Sentence Learning

The first source, from WIRED, cites multiple contributing factors to increased consumer costs: the conflict involving Iran has led to higher gasoline prices; a shortage of RAM components has raised prices for electronics; and tariffs imposed by the Trump administration have increased the cost of a broad range of imported goods.
This sentence uses a colon to introduce a list of three parallel independent clauses, each explaining a factor. The main clause is 'The first source... cites multiple contributing factors'. The appositive phrase 'from WIRED' is set off by commas. The list uses semicolons to separate complex clauses that themselves contain participial phrases ('involving Iran', 'imposed by the Trump administration') and prepositional phrases. This structure demonstrates high lexical density and parallel construction.此句使用冒號引出三個並列的獨立子句,每個子句解釋一個因素。主句為'The first source... cites multiple contributing factors'。同位語片語'from WIRED'以逗號分隔。列表中使用分號分隔複雜的子句,這些子句本身包含分詞片語('involving Iran'、'imposed by the Trump administration')和介詞片語。此結構展現了高詞彙密度和並列結構。
Financial educator Tiffany Aliche, author of a New York Times bestseller, is quoted as stating that the economy operates in cycles and that she has observed multiple periods described as ''worst times.''
The main clause is passive: 'Financial educator Tiffany Aliche... is quoted as stating'. The appositive 'author of a New York Times bestseller' provides additional information. The verb 'stating' takes two parallel that-clauses as complements: 'that the economy operates in cycles' and 'that she has observed multiple periods described as 'worst times''. The second that-clause contains a reduced relative clause ('described as 'worst times'') modifying 'periods'. This sentence features passive voice, apposition, and parallel subordinate clauses.主句為被動語態:'Financial educator Tiffany Aliche... is quoted as stating'。同位語'author of a New York Times bestseller'提供額外資訊。動詞'stating'帶有兩個並列的that子句作為補語:'that the economy operates in cycles'和'that she has observed multiple periods described as 'worst times''。第二個that子句包含一個縮減的關係子句('described as 'worst times'')修飾'periods'。此句具有被動語態、同位語和並列從屬子句。
Aliche further advises consumers to scrutinize credit card statements to identify discretionary spending, such as subscriptions, that can be eliminated—a strategy she terms the ''ramen noodle budget.''
The main clause is 'Aliche further advises consumers to scrutinize credit card statements'. The infinitive 'to identify' expresses purpose. The noun phrase 'discretionary spending' is modified by an appositive example ('such as subscriptions') and a restrictive relative clause ('that can be eliminated'). A dash introduces a noun phrase appositive ('a strategy') which is further modified by a reduced relative clause ('she terms the 'ramen noodle budget''). This sentence combines purpose infinitive, apposition, relative clauses, and a dash for emphasis.主句為'Aliche further advises consumers to scrutinize credit card statements'。不定式'to identify'表示目的。名詞片語'discretionary spending'由同位語例子('such as subscriptions')和限制性關係子句('that can be eliminated')修飾。破折號引出名詞片語同位語('a strategy'),該同位語進一步由縮減的關係子句('she terms the 'ramen noodle budget'')修飾。此句結合了目的不定式、同位語、關係子句和破折號以強調。
Jansson-Boyd argues that habitual shopping behaviors—such as frequenting the same supermarkets and purchasing the same items—contribute to unnecessary expenditure.
The main clause is 'Jansson-Boyd argues that...'. The that-clause has a subject 'habitual shopping behaviors' which is elaborated by a dash-inserted appositive list ('such as frequenting the same supermarkets and purchasing the same items'). The verb 'contribute' agrees with the plural subject. The use of dashes to insert examples within the clause is a sophisticated stylistic device, and the appositive contains gerund phrases.主句為'Jansson-Boyd argues that...'。that子句的主語為'habitual shopping behaviors',由破折號插入的同位語列表('such as frequenting the same supermarkets and purchasing the same items')加以闡述。動詞'contribute'與複數主語一致。使用破折號在子句內插入例子是一種高級的修辭手法,同位語中包含動名詞片語。
Hanrahan suggests substituting branded items with private-label (own-brand) products, which have become more prevalent due to the cost-of-living crisis, and opting for frozen versions of fish, which can be up to 50% cheaper than fresh.
The main clause is 'Hanrahan suggests substituting... and opting...'. The verb 'suggests' takes two parallel gerund phrases as objects. The first gerund phrase includes a noun phrase 'private-label (own-brand) products' modified by a non-restrictive relative clause ('which have become more prevalent due to the cost-of-living crisis'). The second gerund phrase includes a noun phrase 'frozen versions of fish' modified by another non-restrictive relative clause ('which can be up to 50% cheaper than fresh'). The use of parallel gerunds and two non-restrictive relative clauses creates a balanced, complex structure with comparative and causal information.主句為'Hanrahan suggests substituting... and opting...'。動詞'suggests'帶有兩個並列的動名詞片語作為受詞。第一個動名詞片語包含名詞片語'private-label (own-brand) products',由非限制性關係子句('which have become more prevalent due to the cost-of-living crisis')修飾。第二個動名詞片語包含名詞片語'frozen versions of fish',由另一個非限制性關係子句('which can be up to 50% cheaper than fresh')修飾。使用並列動名詞和兩個非限制性關係子句創造了平衡而複雜的結構,包含比較和因果資訊。