AI Leaders Advocate for Universal Basic Income as a Way to Address Job Loss and Inequality

Introduction

The idea of universal basic income (UBI)—regular, unconditional cash payments to all adults—has gained fresh attention among technology executives and researchers. They see it as a possible solution to economic problems caused by artificial intelligence (AI). Several well-known figures in the AI industry have publicly supported UBI or similar plans, while also noting the challenges of putting it into practice and offering other ideas.

Main Body

Universal basic income means giving regular cash payments to every adult in a certain group, without checking their income or requiring them to work. This idea, once seen as an idealistic dream, became a common topic during Andrew Yang''s 2020 U.S. presidential campaign. He proposed a monthly $1,000 ''Freedom Dividend.'' Although Yang did not win, the later distribution of pandemic stimulus checks and the fast progress of AI have brought back interest. More than 100 pilot programs of guaranteed basic income—a more targeted version—have been carried out across the United States, with active programs in at least 16 states and Washington, D.C. Supporters among AI leaders point out that AI could eliminate jobs and increase inequality. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman funded a three-year study that gave $1,000 each month to 1,000 low-income people in Texas and Illinois, while a control group received $50. The study reported that participants spent an average of $310 more each month, mainly on food, rent, and transportation. Initial reductions in stress and food insecurity decreased by the second and third years. Altman has also suggested a ''universal basic compute'' model, which would give people access to computing power from large language models instead of cash. He co-founded Worldcoin, a cryptocurrency project that uses iris scanning to create an identity network that could help distribute UBI. Elon Musk has supported a ''universal high income'' (UHI) paid by federal government checks. He argues that AI and robots will create so much abundance that work will become optional and money less important. On the ''Moonshots with Peter Diamandis'' podcast, Musk stated that saving for retirement would become unnecessary within 10 to 20 years. Diamandis, a longtime partner of Musk, explained further that progress in AI, robotics, and energy could lower the cost of goods and services, making a $3,000 monthly UBI enough to cover basic needs. He admitted that this vision is very different from current economic struggles but insisted that Musk''s predictions, though often late, have not been wrong. Diamandis also suggested that society might split into two groups: consumers living on UBI and creators using AI to start new businesses. Other industry figures have expressed support with conditions. Venture capitalist Vinod Khosla wrote that UBI could become essential as AI automates most human work, and that government regulation is needed to ensure fair distribution of wealth. Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei described UBI as ''only a small part of a solution,'' predicting that AI will require bigger changes in society. AI ''godfather'' Geoffrey Hinton advised the UK government to adopt UBI to deal with job losses. Google DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis supported a ''universal high income'' to share the productivity gains from AI. Critics of UBI argue that unconditional payments may discourage work, encourage unnecessary spending, or require higher taxes and budget cuts. Ekaterina Abramova, a professor at London Business School, warned that long-term separation from meaningful economic activity could lead to skill loss and lower future productivity. She recommended combining universal income with rewards for learning, starting businesses, or doing socially valuable work.

Conclusion

The debate about universal basic income is still not settled. AI leaders see it as a necessary protection against job loss from technology, while critics point out possible economic and social problems. Many pilot programs and policy discussions show that the idea is moving from a niche concept to a serious policy topic, but there is no agreement on how to implement or fund it.

Vocabulary Learning

carried out
To perform or conduct an activity, task, or study.進行,執行
Example:More than 100 pilot programs of guaranteed basic income have been carried out across the United States.
discourage
To make someone less likely to do something, often by creating doubt or fear.阻止,使氣餒
Example:Critics argue that unconditional payments may discourage work and encourage unnecessary spending.
pilot programs
Small-scale preliminary studies or projects designed to test the feasibility or effectiveness of a larger initiative.試點計劃
Example:Many pilot programs and policy discussions show that the idea is moving from a niche concept to a serious policy topic.
put into practice
To implement or execute a plan, idea, or system.實施,付諸實踐
Example:Several well-known figures in the AI industry have publicly supported UBI while also noting the challenges of putting it into practice.
skill loss
The reduction or disappearance of abilities or expertise due to lack of use or practice.技能流失
Example:Long-term separation from meaningful economic activity could lead to skill loss and lower future productivity.

Sentence Learning

This idea, once seen as an idealistic dream, became a common topic during Andrew Yang's 2020 U.S. presidential campaign.
This sentence uses a reduced relative clause (past participle phrase 'once seen as an idealistic dream') to describe the idea. It helps combine information concisely and adds background without a full clause.這個句子使用了縮減關係從句(過去分詞短語「once seen as an idealistic dream」)來描述這個想法,有助於簡潔地結合信息,無需完整從句即可補充背景。
Although Yang did not win, the later distribution of pandemic stimulus checks and the fast progress of AI have brought back interest.
This sentence uses 'Although' to show contrast between Yang's loss and the renewed interest. It organizes the idea by highlighting an unexpected outcome.這個句子使用「Although」來表示楊安澤落選與後來興趣重燃之間的對比,通過突出意料之外的結果來組織觀點。
OpenAI CEO Sam Altman funded a three-year study that gave $1,000 each month to 1,000 low-income people in Texas and Illinois, while a control group received $50.
This sentence uses a relative clause ('that gave...') to specify the study, and 'while' to contrast the two groups. It clearly presents parallel information.這個句子使用關係從句(「that gave...」)來具體說明該研究,並用「while」對比兩組,清晰地呈現並列信息。
He argued that AI and robots will create so much abundance that work will become optional and money less important.
This sentence uses the 'so...that' structure to show cause and effect. It emphasizes the extreme result of AI abundance.這個句子使用「so...that」結構來表示因果關係,強調人工智能帶來豐裕的極端結果。
Critics of UBI argue that unconditional payments may discourage work, encourage unnecessary spending, or require higher taxes and budget cuts.
This sentence uses a 'that' clause to report critics' arguments and lists multiple possible consequences. It organizes ideas by grouping related points.這個句子使用「that」從句來報告批評者的論點,並列出多個可能的後果,通過將相關觀點分組來組織想法。