Easily broken, damaged, or destabilized; used to describe a ceasefire or situation that is vulnerable to disruption.脆弱的：容易破裂、受損或動盪的；用於描述易受干擾的停火或局勢。
Example:If the Middle East ceasefire remains fragile with disrupted oil flows, the MPC might be compelled to hike in June or July.
(British informal idiom) Absolutely certain or guaranteed to happen; a sure thing.（英式口語習語）板上釘釘的：絕對確定或必然發生的事。
Example:Thomas Pugh of RSM UK described the outcome as 'nailed on,' predicting a unanimous 9-0 vote to hold.
An action taken to prevent a potential future problem or risk before it occurs, especially in monetary policy.先發制人的：為防止潛在未來問題或風險而提前採取的行動，尤用於貨幣政策。
Example:A minority might vote for a 25-basis-point hike as a pre-emptive measure against upside inflation risks.
The capacity of an economy or data series to recover quickly from shocks or to remain strong despite adverse conditions.韌性：經濟體或數據序列在面對衝擊時迅速恢復或保持強勁的能力。
Example:He cautioned that the resilience of recent data raises the possibility of a rate increase in the summer.
The process by which an economic shock (e.g., energy price rise) spreads through the economy, affecting prices, wages, and output.傳導機制：經濟衝擊（如能源價格上漲）在經濟體系中擴散並影響物價、工資及產出的過程。
Example:Most members prefer to maintain a restrictive policy while gathering more information on the energy shock's transmission.
Main clause: 'The Office for National Statistics reported'. Subordinate that-clause: 'that UK CPI inflation rose to 3.3% in March'. Appositive noun phrase: 'a three-month high'. Past participle phrase: 'driven by a sharp increase in motor fuel prices'. Dash introduces an appositive phrase: 'up 8.7% month-on-month', followed by another appositive: 'the largest such rise since June 2022'. This sentence exhibits high lexical density and multiple embedded appositives and participial phrases.主句：「The Office for National Statistics reported」。從屬 that 子句：「that UK CPI inflation rose to 3.3% in March」。同位語名詞短語：「a three-month high」。過去分詞短語：「driven by a sharp increase in motor fuel prices」。破折號引入同位語短語：「up 8.7% month-on-month」，再接另一個同位語：「the largest such rise since June 2022」。此句展現高詞彙密度及多重嵌入的同位語與分詞短語。
Concessive prepositional phrase: 'Despite these inflationary signals'. Main clause: 'other data show' followed by a that-clause (omitted 'that') 'the UK economy grew by 0.5% in February'. Present participial phrase: 'exceeding forecasts of 0.1%'. Coordinating conjunction 'and' joins a second main clause: 'retail sales volumes were stronger than expected'. Adverbial phrase: 'partly due to motorists stockpiling fuel' (gerund phrase). The sentence uses a concessive structure, participial modification, and complex noun phrase.讓步介詞短語：「Despite these inflationary signals」。主句：「other data show」後接省略 that 的子句「the UK economy grew by 0.5% in February」。現在分詞短語：「exceeding forecasts of 0.1%」。並列連詞「and」連接第二個主句：「retail sales volumes were stronger than expected」。副詞短語：「partly due to motorists stockpiling fuel」（動名詞短語）。此句使用了讓步結構、分詞修飾及複雜名詞短語。
Main clause: 'Andrew Goodwin of Oxford Economics stated'. That-clause: 'that the MPC is likely to keep the rate unchanged at 3.75%'. Adverbial clause of reason: 'as most members prefer to maintain a restrictive policy'. Within that clause, a present participial phrase: 'while gathering more information on the energy shock's transmission' (reduced adverbial clause). The sentence features a that-clause, an as-clause, and a reduced while-clause, demonstrating complex subordination.主句：「Andrew Goodwin of Oxford Economics stated」。that 子句：「that the MPC is likely to keep the rate unchanged at 3.75%」。原因狀語從句：「as most members prefer to maintain a restrictive policy」。該從句內含現在分詞短語：「while gathering more information on the energy shock's transmission」（省略的 while 狀語從句）。此句包含 that 子句、as 子句及省略的 while 子句，展現複雜從屬結構。
Main clause: 'Thomas Pugh of RSM UK described the outcome as 'nailed on''. Two present participial phrases in succession: 'predicting a unanimous 9-0 vote to hold' and 'citing significant uncertainty about the Iran conflict's impact on energy prices and the economy'. These phrases function as adverbial modifiers, providing additional information about the manner or reason. The sentence uses multiple non-finite clauses for concise, high-density expression.主句：「Thomas Pugh of RSM UK described the outcome as 'nailed on'」。兩個連續的現在分詞短語：「predicting a unanimous 9-0 vote to hold」及「citing significant uncertainty about the Iran conflict's impact on energy prices and the economy」。這些短語作為副詞修飾語，提供方式或原因補充。此句使用多個非限定子句以達到簡潔高密度的表達。
Main clause: 'Elliott Jordan-Doak of Pantheon Macroeconomics also forecast a unanimous hold'. Coordinating conjunction 'but' introduces a second main clause: 'suggested that...'. Within the that-clause, a complex conditional structure: 'if May surveys repeat the current pattern and the Middle East ceasefire remains fragile with disrupted oil flows' (two conditions joined by 'and'), followed by the result clause 'the MPC might be compelled to hike in June or July'. The sentence features a conditional with multiple conditions, using the modal 'might' to express possibility.主句：「Elliott Jordan-Doak of Pantheon Macroeconomics also forecast a unanimous hold」。並列連詞「but」引入第二個主句：「suggested that...」。在 that 子句內，有複雜條件句結構：「if May surveys repeat the current pattern and the Middle East ceasefire remains fragile with disrupted oil flows」（兩個條件由 and 連接），後接結果子句「the MPC might be compelled to hike in June or July」。此句包含多條件條件句，使用情態動詞「might」表達可能性。