German Economy Minister Reiche says growth will be very small and prices will go up because of the war in the Persian Gulf.

A2

German Economy Minister Reiche says growth will be very small and prices will go up because of the war in the Persian Gulf.

Introduction

The German Economy Minister, Katherina Reiche, said the war in the Persian Gulf will slow the economy. She said the country''s growth will be only 0.5% this year. She also said prices will go up by 2.8%. The reason is higher costs for energy and food.

Main Body

The minister said the war got worse. This stopped the small recovery in the economy. Before the war, the economy was not growing for three years. The government made two plans. One plan is for a long war. In this plan, the Strait of Hormuz stays closed. The other plan is for a short war. In this plan, ships can travel again. The minister said it is not possible to know which plan will happen. Prices will go up because of higher costs for gasoline, oil, gas, and electricity. Food prices will also go up. The minister said this is a big problem from outside. It hurts families and businesses. The country needs to change its economy to help companies. The long-term growth is only 0.5%. This is not enough. Companies are cutting jobs and moving to other countries. Germany is losing to other countries in Europe and the world. The European Commission says Germany has the slowest growth in Europe. The economy minister and the finance minister do not agree. The economy minister does not want the government to control fuel prices or cut energy taxes. She says the money for these things must come from somewhere. She also does not want a special tax on oil company profits. She says this could make refineries leave Germany. The European Commission also does not like the idea of a tax on big profits. A similar tax from the Russia-Ukraine war gave Germany 2.5 billion euros. But this tax is still in court. Many economic research institutes agree with the minister''s growth forecast. One expert said the small growth comes from government spending. This spending uses borrowed money. This can cause problems for public money in the future. The government will have to pay more interest. This means less money for social services and pensions. Surveys show that many German companies feel bad effects from the war in the Middle East. Another survey of 400 international companies found that high energy costs, too much paperwork, and slow digital changes stop them from investing in Germany.

Conclusion

Germany''s economy this year has two big problems. First, the war in the Persian Gulf makes energy prices high. Second, the country has old problems in its economy. The two ministers do not agree on what to do. The European Commission is also careful. It is hard to find a good answer.

Vocabulary Learning

costs
The money you need to buy or do something.成本
Example:Higher costs for gasoline make prices go up.
cut
To reduce or make something smaller.削減
Example:Companies are cutting jobs because of the war.
growth
When something becomes bigger or more.增長
Example:The growth of the economy is very small this year.
prices
The amount of money you pay for something.價格
Example:Prices of food and energy are going up.
slow
To make something move or happen less fast.減慢
Example:The war will slow the economy.

Sentence Learning

The German Economy Minister, Katherina Reiche, said the war in the Persian Gulf will slow the economy.
This is a simple sentence with a main clause and a noun clause as the object.本句为简单句,包含主句以及作为宾语的从句。主语是“The German Economy Minister, Katherina Reiche”,谓语是“said”,宾语是“the war in the Persian Gulf will slow the economy”这一从句。
She said the country's growth will be only 0.5% this year.
This is a simple sentence with a main clause and a noun clause as the object.本句为简单句,包含主句以及作为宾语的从句。主语是“She”,谓语是“said”,宾语是“the country's growth will be only 0.5% this year”这一从句。
Prices will go up because of higher costs for energy and food.
This is a simple sentence with a prepositional phrase explaining the reason.本句为简单句,包含一个介词短语说明原因。主语是“Prices”,谓语是“will go up”,介词短语“because of higher costs for energy and food”表示原因。
The minister said it is not possible to know which plan will happen.
This is a complex sentence with a noun clause as the object and an infinitive phrase.本句为复合句,包含一个宾语从句以及不定式短语。主语是“The minister”,谓语是“said”,宾语从句是“it is not possible to know which plan will happen”,其中“to know which plan will happen”是不定式短语。
Companies are cutting jobs and moving to other countries.
This is a simple sentence with two verbs connected by 'and'.本句为简单句,包含两个由“and”连接的谓语动词。主语是“Companies”,谓语是“are cutting jobs”以及“moving to other countries”。
B2

German Economy Minister Reiche Forecasts Minimal Growth and Rising Inflation Due to Persian Gulf Conflict

Introduction

German Federal Economy Minister Katherina Reiche (CDU) announced that the ongoing war in the Persian Gulf is expected to restrict the country''s economic growth to only 0.5% for the current year. She also projected that inflation would increase to 2.8%, driven by higher costs for energy and food.

Main Body

Minister Reiche stated that the escalation of the conflict has reversed the modest economic recovery that had been anticipated after three years of stagnation from 2023 to 2025. The annual economic report presented in January, which predated the US‑Israeli military action against Iran, is now considered obsolete. The Economy Ministry has developed two scenarios: one in which the conflict continues and the Strait of Hormuz remains closed, and another in which the war ends quickly and maritime trade resumes. Reiche noted that predicting the more likely outcome is not possible. She described the projected inflation increase to 2.8% as an externally induced energy‑price shock that is placing significant strain on households and businesses, with rising costs for gasoline, oil, gas, and electricity, and food prices expected to climb further. Furthermore, the minister emphasized that structural reforms to improve the competitiveness of German firms are increasingly urgent. She indicated that the country''s potential growth—the long‑term growth rate under normal capacity utilization—stands at only 0.5% of GDP, a level deemed insufficient to maintain prosperity. Industrial job cuts and relocations abroad are occurring, and Germany is losing ground to competitors in Europe and globally, according to Reiche. European Commission data places Germany at the bottom of Europe''s growth rankings. In contrast, a divergence of views exists between Reiche and Finance Minister Lars Klingbeil (SPD) regarding policy responses. Reiche expressed skepticism toward market interventions such as fuel‑price caps or energy tax cuts, arguing that funding for such measures must first be generated. She also rejected a proposed special tax on extraordinary oil industry profits, warning it could drive refinery operations out of Germany. The European Commission has similarly expressed skepticism about an EU‑wide excess‑profits tax, noting that a previous levy during the Russia‑Ukraine conflict, which generated €2.5 billion for Germany, is still subject to legal challenges before the European Court of Justice. Additionally, leading economic research institutes, including the Ifo Institute, concur with Reiche''s growth forecast. Timo Wollmersheim of Ifo noted that the minimal growth is largely driven by debt‑financed government investment, which carries long‑term risks to public finance stability and necessitates substantial consolidation later in the decade. Higher interest payments on federal debt would reduce funds available for social services and pensions. Surveys by the German Chamber of Industry and Commerce indicate that a large majority of German companies report negative effects from the Middle East war, amplifying existing problems. For example, a KPMG survey of 400 international firms found that high energy costs, extensive bureaucracy, and sluggish digitalization are deterring investment in Germany.

Conclusion

Germany''s economic outlook for the current year is characterized by a combination of an external energy‑price shock from the Persian Gulf conflict and deep‑seated structural weaknesses. Policy disagreements between the Economy and Finance ministries, along with caution from the European Commission, highlight the difficulty of formulating an effective response while managing long‑term fiscal risks.

Vocabulary Learning

consolidation
The process of reducing government debt or deficit by cutting spending or increasing revenue財政整頓
Example:Debt-financed investment necessitates substantial consolidation later in the decade to maintain public finance stability.
energy-price shock
A sudden, significant increase in energy costs caused by external factors能源價格衝擊
Example:The minister described the projected inflation increase as an externally induced energy-price shock placing strain on households and businesses.
escalation
Increase in intensity or seriousness升級
Example:The escalation of the conflict has reversed the modest economic recovery that had been anticipated.
stagnation
A period of little or no growth or activity停滯
Example:After three years of stagnation from 2023 to 2025, Germany had hoped for a recovery.
structural reforms
Changes to fundamental policies and institutions to improve efficiency and competitiveness結構性改革
Example:The minister emphasized that structural reforms to improve the competitiveness of German firms are increasingly urgent.

Sentence Learning

Minister Reiche stated that the escalation of the conflict has reversed the modest economic recovery that had been anticipated after three years of stagnation from 2023 to 2025.
Relative clause (that had been anticipated) and passive voice (had been anticipated) combine to clearly link the recovery to a prior expectation.關係從句(that had been anticipated)和被動語態(had been anticipated)結合,清楚將復甦與先前的預期聯繫起來。
The annual economic report presented in January, which predated the US‑Israeli military action against Iran, is now considered obsolete.
Non-defining relative clause (which predated) adds extra information about the report; passive voice (is considered) gives a formal tone.非限制性關係從句(which predated)補充報告的額外資訊;被動語態(is considered)營造正式語氣。
She described the projected inflation increase to 2.8% as an externally induced energy‑price shock that is placing significant strain on households and businesses, with rising costs for gasoline, oil, gas, and electricity, and food prices expected to climb further.
Relative clause (that is placing) specifies the shock's effect; passive infinitive (expected to climb) shows future impact without an active subject.關係從句(that is placing)具體說明衝擊的影響;被動不定式(expected to climb)無需主動主語即表示未來影響。
Reiche expressed skepticism toward market interventions such as fuel‑price caps or energy tax cuts, arguing that funding for such measures must first be generated.
Passive voice (must first be generated) emphasizes the action over the agent; the linking word 'arguing that' introduces a logical consequence.被動語態(must first be generated)強調動作而非執行者;連接詞「arguing that」引入邏輯結果。
The European Commission has similarly expressed skepticism about an EU‑wide excess‑profits tax, noting that a previous levy during the Russia‑Ukraine conflict, which generated €2.5 billion for Germany, is still subject to legal challenges before the European Court of Justice.
Relative clause (which generated) adds detail about the levy; passive structure (is still subject) indicates ongoing legal status; 'noting that' links the skepticism to a reason.關係從句(which generated)補充稅項細節;被動結構(is still subject)表示持續的法律狀態;「noting that」將懷疑與原因連結。
C2

German Economy Minister Reiche Forecasts Minimal Growth and Rising Inflation Due to Persian Gulf Conflict

Introduction

German Federal Economy Minister Katherina Reiche (CDU) announced that the ongoing war in the Persian Gulf is expected to restrict the country''s economic growth to only 0.5% for the current year. She also projected that inflation would increase to 2.8%, driven by higher costs for energy and food.

Main Body

Minister Reiche stated that the escalation of the conflict has reversed the modest economic recovery that had been anticipated after three years of stagnation from 2023 to 2025. The annual economic report presented in January, which predated the US‑Israeli military action against Iran, is now considered obsolete. The Economy Ministry has developed two scenarios: one in which the conflict continues and the Strait of Hormuz remains closed, and another in which the war ends quickly and maritime trade resumes. Reiche noted that predicting the more likely outcome is not possible. The projected inflation increase to 2.8% is attributed to rising costs for gasoline, oil, gas, and electricity, with food prices expected to climb further. Reiche described the situation as an externally induced energy‑price shock that is placing significant strain on households and businesses. Structural reforms to improve the competitiveness of German firms are described as increasingly urgent. The minister indicated that the country''s potential growth—the long‑term growth rate under normal capacity utilization—stands at only 0.5% of GDP, a level deemed insufficient to maintain prosperity. Industrial job cuts and relocations abroad are occurring, and Germany is losing ground to competitors in Europe and globally, according to Reiche. European Commission data places Germany at the bottom of Europe''s growth rankings. A divergence of views exists between Reiche and Finance Minister Lars Klingbeil (SPD) regarding policy responses. Reiche expressed skepticism toward market interventions such as fuel‑price caps or energy tax cuts, arguing that funding for such measures must first be generated. She also rejected a proposed special tax on extraordinary oil industry profits, warning it could drive refinery operations out of Germany. The European Commission has similarly expressed skepticism about an EU‑wide excess‑profits tax, noting that a previous levy during the Russia‑Ukraine conflict, which generated €2.5 billion for Germany, is still subject to legal challenges before the European Court of Justice. Leading economic research institutes, including the Ifo Institute, concur with Reiche''s growth forecast. Timo Wollmersheim of Ifo noted that the minimal growth is largely driven by debt‑financed government investment, which carries long‑term risks to public finance stability and necessitates substantial consolidation later in the decade. Higher interest payments on federal debt would reduce funds available for social services and pensions. Surveys by the German Chamber of Industry and Commerce indicate that a large majority of German companies report negative effects from the Middle East war, amplifying existing problems. A KPMG survey of 400 international firms found that high energy costs, extensive bureaucracy, and sluggish digitalization are deterring investment in Germany.

Conclusion

Germany''s economic outlook for the current year is characterized by a combination of an external energy‑price shock from the Persian Gulf conflict and deep‑seated structural weaknesses. Policy disagreements between the Economy and Finance ministries, along with caution from the European Commission, highlight the difficulty of formulating an effective response while managing long‑term fiscal risks.

Vocabulary Learning

consolidation
The process of making something financially stronger or more stable, typically by reducing deficits, cutting spending, or restructuring debt.財政鞏固(緊縮)
Example:Higher interest payments on federal debt would reduce funds available for social services and pensions, necessitating substantial consolidation later in the decade.
debt‑financed
Funded by borrowing money rather than through revenue or savings; relying on debt to cover expenditures.債務融資的
Example:Wollmersheim noted that the minimal growth is largely driven by debt‑financed government investment, which carries long‑term risks to public finance stability.
deep‑seated
Firmly established at a fundamental or profound level; difficult to change or eradicate.根深蒂固的
Example:Germany's economic outlook is characterized by a combination of an external energy‑price shock and deep‑seated structural weaknesses.
divergence
A difference in opinions, views, or approaches, often leading to disagreement or conflict.意見分歧
Example:A divergence of views exists between Reiche and Finance Minister Lars Klingbeil regarding policy responses.
externally induced
Caused or brought about by factors outside the system or entity in question; not originating from within.外部引發的
Example:Reiche described the situation as an externally induced energy‑price shock that is placing significant strain on households and businesses.

Sentence Learning

Minister Reiche stated that the escalation of the conflict has reversed the modest economic recovery that had been anticipated after three years of stagnation from 2023 to 2025.
This sentence features a main clause ('Minister Reiche stated') followed by a noun clause ('that the escalation... has reversed...') which contains a relative clause ('that had been anticipated...') modifying 'recovery'. The use of past perfect passive ('had been anticipated') indicates an action completed before another past action (the reversal).此句包含一個主句('Minister Reiche stated')後接一個名詞從句('that the escalation... has reversed...'),該從句中包含一個關係從句('that had been anticipated...')修飾'recovery'。過去完成被動式('had been anticipated')表示在另一個過去動作(逆轉)之前已完成的動作。
The Economy Ministry has developed two scenarios: one in which the conflict continues and the Strait of Hormuz remains closed, and another in which the war ends quickly and maritime trade resumes.
This sentence uses a colon to introduce two parallel scenarios, each described by a defining relative clause ('in which...'). The present simple tense in the relative clauses ('continues', 'remains closed', 'ends', 'resumes') is used for hypothetical future situations, a common feature in conditional scenarios.此句使用冒號引出兩個平行情景,每個情景由一個限定性關係從句('in which...')描述。關係從句中使用一般現在時('continues', 'remains closed', 'ends', 'resumes')表示假設的未來情況,這是條件情景中的常見特徵。
The European Commission has similarly expressed skepticism about an EU‑wide excess‑profits tax, noting that a previous levy during the Russia‑Ukraine conflict, which generated €2.5 billion for Germany, is still subject to legal challenges before the European Court of Justice.
This sentence contains a main clause ('The European Commission has... expressed skepticism'), followed by a participial phrase ('noting that...') which introduces a that-clause. Within that that-clause, there is a non-restrictive relative clause ('which generated...') providing additional information about the previous levy. The sentence also includes a passive construction ('is still subject to legal challenges').此句包含一個主句('The European Commission has... expressed skepticism'),後接一個分詞短語('noting that...'),該短語引入一個that從句。在該that從句中,有一個非限制性關係從句('which generated...')提供關於先前徵稅的額外信息。句子還包含被動結構('is still subject to legal challenges')。
Timo Wollmersheim of Ifo noted that the minimal growth is largely driven by debt‑financed government investment, which carries long‑term risks to public finance stability and necessitates substantial consolidation later in the decade.
This sentence features a main clause ('Timo Wollmersheim... noted') followed by a that-clause ('that the minimal growth is... driven by...'). Within the that-clause, a non-restrictive relative clause ('which carries... and necessitates...') modifies 'debt‑financed government investment'. The use of passive voice ('is driven by') and complex noun phrases ('long‑term risks to public finance stability') adds to the lexical density.此句包含一個主句('Timo Wollmersheim... noted')後接一個that從句('that the minimal growth is... driven by...')。在該that從句中,一個非限制性關係從句('which carries... and necessitates...')修飾'debt‑financed government investment'。被動語態('is driven by')和複雜名詞短語('long‑term risks to public finance stability')增加了詞彙密度。
Policy disagreements between the Economy and Finance ministries, along with caution from the European Commission, highlight the difficulty of formulating an effective response while managing long‑term fiscal risks.
This sentence has a complex subject ('Policy disagreements... along with caution...') followed by a verb ('highlight') and a direct object ('the difficulty...'). The object includes a gerund phrase ('formulating an effective response') and an adverbial phrase ('while managing long‑term fiscal risks'). The use of 'along with' creates a compound subject, and the present participle 'managing' indicates simultaneous action.此句有一個複雜主語('Policy disagreements... along with caution...'),後接動詞('highlight')和直接賓語('the difficulty...')。賓語包含一個動名詞短語('formulating an effective response')和一個副詞短語('while managing long‑term fiscal risks')。使用'along with'構成複合主語,現在分詞'managing'表示同時發生的動作。