Kaktovik wants to start polar bear tours again with new rules

A2

Kaktovik wants to start polar bear tours again with new rules

Introduction

Kaktovik is a small village in Alaska. It is the only town in a big wildlife area. The village stopped polar bear tours because of COVID-19 and a government stop on boat tours. Now leaders want to start the tours again by 2027. They need new rules to protect the bears and the community''s way of life.

Main Body

Each summer, polar bears come near Kaktovik. They eat whale meat left by hunters. Before the pandemic, many tourists came to see the bears. The tours started in the 1980s. Anyone with a boat could take tourists. In 2008, the government said polar bears are in danger because of warming. More tourists came. The government then asked tour operators to have permits and insurance. This made it hard for local guides. Big companies from other cities took tourists. The village hotels and restaurants lost money. Tourists sometimes walked on private land. Locals could not get plane seats for medical visits. In 2020, the village stopped tours because of COVID. In 2021, the government stopped boat tours to protect bears and the community. Now leaders talk with the government about new rules. They want to limit how long boats stay near bears. Bears became less afraid of people. The bear patrol had to kill more bears. In 2023, a bear killed a person in another town. Since boat tours stopped, bears are more careful again. The tour season is also whaling season. Tourists can watch but some took photos without asking. That is not respectful. A tourism expert says Kaktovik should offer two- or three-day visits with cultural learning. Some tourists from Australia said the boat tour was the best part.

Conclusion

The tours can start again only if leaders and the government agree on rules. The rules must help the economy and protect the culture and bears.

Vocabulary Learning

bear
A large, strong wild animal with thick fur.
Example:Polar bears come near the village in summer.
protect
To keep someone or something safe from harm.保護
Example:New rules will help protect the bears.
rules
Instructions that tell you what you can or cannot do.規則;規定
Example:The village wants new rules for the tours.
tour
A trip to visit interesting places.旅遊;觀光
Example:Many tourists came to see the bears on boat tours.
village
A small town in the countryside.鄉村;小村莊
Example:Kaktovik is a small village in Alaska.

Sentence Learning

Kaktovik is a small village in Alaska.
This sentence uses the present simple tense with the verb 'is' to describe a fact about Kaktovik.本句使用現在簡單式,動詞為 'is',用以描述關於 Kaktovik 的事實。
The tours started in the 1980s.
This sentence uses the past simple tense to talk about when the tours began. 'Started' is the past form of 'start'.本句使用過去簡單式,談論旅遊活動開始的時間。'Started' 是 'start' 的過去式。
In 2020, the village stopped tours because of COVID.
This sentence uses the past simple tense to describe an action in the past. 'Because of' shows the reason.本句使用過去簡單式描述過去的動作。'Because of' 表示原因。
Bears became less afraid of people.
This sentence uses the past simple tense with 'became' (past of 'become') to describe a change. 'Less afraid' means not as scared.本句使用過去簡單式,動詞 'became'('become' 的過去式)描述變化。'Less afraid' 意為不那麼害怕。
The tours can start again only if leaders and the government agree on rules.
This sentence uses the modal verb 'can' to show possibility, and 'only if' to show a condition.本句使用情態動詞 'can' 表示可能性,並用 'only if' 表示條件。
B2

Kaktovik Leaders Seek to Revive Polar Bear Tourism with Stricter Regulations Following Pandemic and Federal Halt

Introduction

The remote Alaskan village of Kaktovik, the only settlement within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, is trying to restart its polar bear tourism industry. The industry was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic and a later federal ban on boat tours. Local authorities hope to bring it back by 2027, but only if they can create new rules to protect the community''s traditional hunting and the bear population.

Main Body

Each late summer, polar bears gather near Kaktovik to feed on whale remains left by subsistence hunters, waiting for the sea ice to freeze. This annual event, once described as ''last chance tourism,'' attracted over a thousand visitors each year before the pandemic. The industry began informally in the early 1980s, when any resident with a boat could guide tourists to see bears on nearby islands. Tourism increased sharply after 2008, when federal authorities classified polar bears as a threatened species due to Arctic warming and sea-ice loss. Scientists predict that most bears could disappear by the end of the century. As visitation grew, the federal government imposed permit and insurance requirements for tour operators. According to Charles Lampe, president of the Kaktovik Inupiat Corp, this pushed local guides out of the business. Larger external operators started flying day-trippers from Fairbanks or Anchorage, reducing revenue for the village''s two hotels and restaurants. Residents reported that tourists stared at them or walked through private property. Competition for limited small-plane seats sometimes forced locals to miss medical appointments, costing them extra for overnight stays in distant cities. The pandemic led Kaktovik to suspend tourism in 2020. In 2021, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which manages polar bears, halted boat tours, citing concerns about the impact on bear behavior and the overburdening of the community. Current negotiations between Alaska Native leaders and the agency aim to address these issues. The Service stated it is working with Kaktovik ''to ensure that any future opportunities are managed in a way that prioritizes visitor safety, resource protection, and community input.'' Proposed changes include limiting the time boats can stay near bears to prevent habituation. Lampe noted that during the tourism peak, bears became less fearful of humans, increasing danger when they entered the village. The town''s bear patrol, which uses non-lethal rounds to haze animals, was forced to kill three to four bears annually, compared to roughly one per year before the boom. A fatal polar bear attack in Wales, Alaska, in 2023—the first in nearly three decades—underscored safety risks. Since the cessation of boat tours, bears have shown greater wariness of humans, Lampe reported. The tourism season coincides with Kaktovik''s subsistence whaling. While the community permits visitors to observe or assist with butchering, some tourists recorded or photographed without permission, an act considered disrespectful. Sherry Rupert, CEO of the American Indigenous Tourism Association, recommended that Kaktovik market itself as a two- or three-day experience, emphasizing cultural education. Australian tourists Roger and Sonia MacKertich, who visited in September 2019, described boat tours as the highlight, noting that the bears ignored their presence.

Conclusion

The revival of Kaktovik''s polar bear tourism remains conditional on successful negotiations over operational rules that balance economic benefits with preserving local culture and wildlife safety. The outcome of discussions between Alaska Native leaders and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will determine whether the industry can resume in a sustainable manner.

Vocabulary Learning

cessation
The act of stopping or ending something停止
Example:Since the cessation of boat tours, bears have shown greater wariness of humans.
habituation
The process of becoming accustomed to something, reducing fear or wariness習慣化
Example:Proposed changes include limiting the time boats can stay near bears to prevent habituation.
market itself as
To promote or advertise oneself as a particular type of product or experience將自己定位為
Example:Sherry Rupert... recommended that Kaktovik market itself as a two- or three-day experience, emphasizing cultural education.
subsistence hunting
Hunting for survival and food, not for sport or commerce自給自足狩獵
Example:Each late summer, polar bears gather near Kaktovik to feed on whale remains left by subsistence hunters.
underscored
Emphasized or highlighted the importance of something強調
Example:A fatal polar bear attack in Wales, Alaska, in 2023—the first in nearly three decades—underscored safety risks.

Sentence Learning

This annual event, once described as 'last chance tourism,' attracted over a thousand visitors each year before the pandemic.
Passive voice with past participle 'described' used as a reduced relative clause. It provides background information concisely.被動語態使用過去分詞 'described' 作為省略關係從句,簡潔地提供背景資訊。
According to Charles Lampe, president of the Kaktovik Inupiat Corp, this pushed local guides out of the business.
'According to' introduces a source, adding credibility. The main clause uses simple past to state a cause-effect.'According to' 引入資料來源,增加可信度。主句用一般過去時表達因果關係。
The Service stated it is working with Kaktovik 'to ensure that any future opportunities are managed in a way that prioritizes visitor safety, resource protection, and community input.'
Passive voice 'are managed' shifts focus to the opportunities. Relative clause 'that prioritizes' defines the way.被動語態 'are managed' 將焦點轉移到機會上。關係從句 'that prioritizes' 定義方式。
While the community permits visitors to observe or assist with butchering, some tourists recorded or photographed without permission, an act considered disrespectful.
'While' shows contrast between permitted activities and disrespectful actions. 'Considered' is a reduced passive.'While' 表示對比,對比允許的活動與不尊重行為。'Considered' 是省略的被動語態。
The revival of Kaktovik's polar bear tourism remains conditional on successful negotiations over operational rules that balance economic benefits with preserving local culture and wildlife safety.
Relative clause 'that balance' modifies 'rules', showing the purpose. 'Remains conditional on' expresses dependency.關係從句 'that balance' 修飾 'rules',顯示目的。'Remains conditional on' 表達依賴關係。
C2

Kaktovik Leaders Seek to Revive Polar Bear Tourism with Stricter Regulations Following Pandemic and Federal Halt

Introduction

The remote Alaskan village of Kaktovik, the sole settlement within the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, is pursuing the resumption of its polar bear tourism industry, which was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic and a subsequent federal prohibition on boat tours. Local authorities aim to reintroduce the activity by 2027, contingent upon the implementation of new guidelines designed to protect both the community''s subsistence practices and the bear population.

Main Body

Each late summer, polar bears congregate near Kaktovik to feed on bowhead whale remains left by subsistence hunters, awaiting the freezing of the sea ice. This annual phenomenon, previously described as ''last chance tourism,'' attracted over a thousand visitors annually before the pandemic. The industry originated informally in the early 1980s, when any resident with a boat could guide tourists to observe bears on nearby barrier islands. Tourism escalated sharply after 2008, when federal authorities classified polar bears as a threatened species, citing Arctic warming and sea-ice loss that scientists predict could eliminate most bears by century''s end. As visitation increased, the federal government imposed permit and insurance requirements for tour operators, which, according to Charles Lampe, president of the Kaktovik Inupiat Corp, marginalized local guides. Larger external operators began flying day-trippers from Fairbanks or Anchorage, reducing revenue for the village''s two hotels and restaurants. Residents reported that tourists stared at them or walked through private property. Competition for limited small-plane seats sometimes forced locals to miss medical appointments, incurring costs for overnight stays in distant cities. The pandemic prompted Kaktovik to suspend visitation in 2020. In 2021, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which manages polar bears, halted boat tours, citing concerns about the impact on bear behavior and the overburdening of the community. Current negotiations between Alaska Native leaders and the agency aim to address these issues. The Service stated it is working with Kaktovik ''to ensure that any future opportunities are managed in a way that prioritizes visitor safety, resource protection, and community input.'' Proposed changes include limiting the duration boats can remain near bears to prevent habituation. Lampe noted that during the tourism peak, bears became less fearful of humans, increasing the danger when they entered the village. The town''s bear patrol, which uses non-lethal rounds to haze animals, was forced to kill three to four bears annually, compared to roughly one per year before the boom. A fatal polar bear attack in Wales, Alaska, in 2023—the first in nearly three decades—underscored safety risks. Since the cessation of boat tours, bears have shown greater wariness of humans, Lampe reported. The tourism season coincides with Kaktovik''s subsistence whaling. While the community permits visitors to observe or assist with butchering, some tourists recorded or photographed without permission, an act considered disrespectful. Sherry Rupert, CEO of the American Indigenous Tourism Association, recommended that Kaktovik market itself as a two- or three-day experience, emphasizing cultural education. Australian tourists Roger and Sonia MacKertich, who visited in September 2019, described boat tours as the highlight, noting that the bears ignored their presence.

Conclusion

The revival of Kaktovik''s polar bear tourism remains conditional on the successful negotiation of operational parameters that balance economic benefits with the preservation of local culture and wildlife safety. The outcome of discussions between Alaska Native leaders and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will determine whether the industry can resume in a sustainable manner.

Vocabulary Learning

cessation
The act of stopping or bringing to an end; a pause or discontinuation.停止;終止;中斷
Example:Since the cessation of boat tours, bears have shown greater wariness of humans, Lampe reported.
contingent upon
Dependent on; conditional upon something else happening.取決於;視…而定
Example:Local authorities aim to reintroduce the activity by 2027, contingent upon the implementation of new guidelines designed to protect both the community's subsistence practices and the bear population.
habituation
The process of becoming accustomed to a stimulus or environment, resulting in a decreased response; in wildlife contexts, the loss of natural wariness towards humans.習慣化;適應(在野生動物語境中,指對人類失去自然警覺性)
Example:Proposed changes include limiting the duration boats can remain near bears to prevent habituation.
haze
To drive away or deter animals using non-lethal methods such as noise, lights, or projectiles.用非致命手段(如噪音、燈光或投射物)驅趕動物
Example:The town's bear patrol, which uses non-lethal rounds to haze animals, was forced to kill three to four bears annually.
subsistence
The action or fact of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimal level, especially through traditional hunting, fishing, or farming.自給自足;生計(尤指傳統狩獵、捕魚或耕作以維持基本生活)
Example:Local authorities aim to reintroduce the activity by 2027, contingent upon the implementation of new guidelines designed to protect both the community's subsistence practices and the bear population.

Sentence Learning

Tourism escalated sharply after 2008, when federal authorities classified polar bears as a threatened species, citing Arctic warming and sea-ice loss that scientists predict could eliminate most bears by century's end.
This sentence features a main clause ("Tourism escalated sharply after 2008") followed by a non-restrictive relative clause introduced by "when" modifying "2008". Within that relative clause, the participial phrase "citing Arctic warming and sea-ice loss" provides additional detail. This phrase itself contains a nested relative clause ("that scientists predict could eliminate most bears by century's end") modifying "sea-ice loss". The structure demonstrates complex embedding and use of non-finite clauses.此句包含一個主句(「旅遊業在2008年後急劇增長」),其後接一個由「when」引導的非限制性關係從句修飾「2008」。在該關係從句中,分詞短語「citing Arctic warming and sea-ice loss」提供額外細節。此短語本身包含一個嵌套關係從句(「that scientists predict could eliminate most bears by century's end」)修飾「sea-ice loss」。此結構展示了複雜的嵌入及非限定從句的運用。
Each late summer, polar bears congregate near Kaktovik to feed on bowhead whale remains left by subsistence hunters, awaiting the freezing of the sea ice.
The sentence opens with a temporal adverbial phrase ("Each late summer"), followed by the main clause ("polar bears congregate near Kaktovik"). The infinitive phrase "to feed on bowhead whale remains" expresses purpose. The past participle phrase "left by subsistence hunters" acts as a reduced relative clause modifying "remains". Finally, the present participle phrase "awaiting the freezing of the sea ice" functions as an adverbial of attendant circumstance. This combination of non-finite clauses creates high lexical density.句子以時間狀語短語(「每年夏末」)開頭,接著是主句(「北極熊聚集在卡克托維克附近」)。不定式短語「to feed on bowhead whale remains」表達目的。過去分詞短語「left by subsistence hunters」作為縮減關係從句修飾「remains」。最後,現在分詞短語「awaiting the freezing of the sea ice」作為伴隨情況狀語。這些非限定從句的組合創造了高詞彙密度。
The Service stated it is working with Kaktovik 'to ensure that any future opportunities are managed in a way that prioritizes visitor safety, resource protection, and community input.'
This sentence uses a reporting structure: "The Service stated" followed by a direct quote. The quoted clause contains a purpose infinitive "to ensure" followed by a that-clause ("that any future opportunities are managed in a way"). Within that clause, there is a relative clause ("that prioritizes visitor safety, resource protection, and community input") modifying "way". The sentence demonstrates formal register and complex complementation.此句使用轉述結構:「The Service stated」後接直接引語。引語從句包含目的不定式「to ensure」,其後接一個that從句(「that any future opportunities are managed in a way」)。在該從句中,有一個關係從句(「that prioritizes visitor safety, resource protection, and community input」)修飾「way」。此句展現正式語域及複雜的補足結構。
While the community permits visitors to observe or assist with butchering, some tourists recorded or photographed without permission, an act considered disrespectful.
The sentence begins with a concessive subordinate clause ("While the community permits visitors to observe or assist with butchering") followed by the main clause ("some tourists recorded or photographed without permission"). After the main clause, a noun phrase appositive ("an act considered disrespectful") provides additional commentary. The appositive contains a reduced relative clause ("considered disrespectful") modifying "act". This structure uses a concessive clause and a post-modifying appositive for rhetorical effect.句子以讓步從句(「While the community permits visitors to observe or assist with butchering」)開頭,其後是主句(「some tourists recorded or photographed without permission」)。主句之後,一個名詞短語同位語(「an act considered disrespectful」)提供額外評論。該同位語包含一個縮減關係從句(「considered disrespectful」)修飾「act」。此結構使用讓步從句和後置同位語以達到修辭效果。
The revival of Kaktovik's polar bear tourism remains conditional on the successful negotiation of operational parameters that balance economic benefits with the preservation of local culture and wildlife safety.
This sentence has a main clause ("The revival...remains conditional on the successful negotiation of operational parameters") followed by a relative clause ("that balance economic benefits with the preservation of local culture and wildlife safety") modifying "parameters". The subject noun phrase is complex: "The revival of Kaktovik's polar bear tourism". The predicate uses the adjective "conditional" followed by a prepositional phrase with a gerund "negotiation". The relative clause uses the verb "balance" with a parallel structure. High lexical density and formal tone.此句有一個主句(「The revival...remains conditional on the successful negotiation of operational parameters」),其後是一個關係從句(「that balance economic benefits with the preservation of local culture and wildlife safety」)修飾「parameters」。主語名詞短語複雜:「The revival of Kaktovik's polar bear tourism」。謂語使用形容詞「conditional」後接介詞短語,內含動名詞「negotiation」。關係從句使用動詞「balance」搭配平行結構。詞彙密度高且語氣正式。