Strong El Niño Event Expected for Mid-2026

A2

Strong El Niño Event Expected for Mid-2026

Introduction

Many weather groups around the world say a strong El Niño will happen in the second half of 2026. This will change temperatures and rain in many places.

Main Body

El Niño will start between May and July 2026. Japan says there is a 70% chance. The US says a 61% chance. India says the monsoon may be weaker. China says El Niño will last until the end of the year. Australia says less rain in the east. El Niño is a natural weather event. The ocean gets warmer in the Pacific. The winds change. This moves warm water. It happens every 2 to 7 years. It lasts 9 to 12 months. Climate change does not make El Niño happen more often, but it can make the effects worse. El Niño brings more rain to some places like South America and the US south. It brings less rain to Australia, Indonesia, and India. The US Midwest may have good weather for growing food. El Niño also makes the world warmer. The last strong El Niño helped make 2023 and 2024 very hot. In 2015-2016, El Niño caused drought in Australia and Asia. It hurt crops. In 1997-1998, it caused drought in Asia and floods in the Americas. Forecasts in spring are not always right. We will know more after April 2026.

Conclusion

The strong El Niño will start between May and July 2026. It may change weather and make the world hotter. We will know more after April.

Vocabulary Learning

change (v.)
alter / to become different改變
Example:El Niño will change temperatures and rain in many places.
happen (v.)
occur / to take place發生
Example:El Niño happens every 2 to 7 years.
rain (n.)
precipitation / water falling from clouds
Example:El Niño brings more rain to South America.
start (v.)
begin / to begin開始
Example:The strong El Niño will start between May and July 2026.
warm (adj.)
hot / having a high temperature溫暖的
Example:The ocean gets warmer during El Niño.

Sentence Learning

El Niño will start between May and July 2026.
Time Marker: The phrase 'between May and July 2026' tells us when the event will start. It is a time marker.『2026年5月至7月之間』這個短語告訴我們事件何時開始。這是一個時間標記。
Climate change does not make El Niño happen more often, but it can make the effects worse.
Connector: The word 'but' connects two contrasting ideas: climate change does not increase frequency, but it can worsen effects.『但是』這個詞連接兩個對比的想法:氣候變化不會增加頻率,但它可以加劇影響。
El Niño brings more rain to some places like South America and the US south.
Prepositional Phrase: The phrase 'to some places' is a prepositional phrase that shows the direction or target of the rain.『到一些地方』是一個介詞短語,顯示雨水去向或目標。
In 2015-2016, El Niño caused drought in Australia and Asia.
Time Marker: The phrase 'In 2015-2016' sets the time when the drought happened. It is a time marker.『在2015-2016年』這個短語設定了乾旱發生的時間。這是一個時間標記。
It may change weather and make the world hotter.
Connector: The word 'and' joins two possible effects of El Niño: changing weather and making the world hotter.『和』這個詞連接埃爾尼諾的兩個可能影響:改變天氣和使世界更熱。
B2

Global Meteorological Agencies Forecast Strong El Niño Event for Mid-2026 with Regional Climate Impacts

Introduction

Multiple international weather forecasting organizations, including the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), have indicated a high probability that a strong El Niño event will develop during the second half of 2026. This phenomenon is expected to influence global temperature patterns and rainfall patterns, with potential consequences for agriculture and water resources across several continents.

Main Body

A consensus among meteorological agencies points to the onset of El Niño conditions between May and July 2026. Japan's weather bureau has assigned a 70% probability for the emergence of El Niño during the Northern Hemisphere summer. The United States Climate Prediction Centre estimates a 61% chance for the May-to-July window. Indian authorities have warned that the monsoon season may be below average for the first time in three years, while Chinese officials anticipate El Niño conditions persisting through the end of the year after a May onset. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology predicts below-median rainfall in eastern cropping regions from May to August. The WMO's climate prediction chief, Wilfran Moufouma Okia, stated that climate models are strongly aligned and that there is high confidence in the onset of El Niño followed by further intensification. Furthermore, El Niño is a naturally occurring climate pattern characterized by unusual warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. It arises when shifts in atmospheric pressure weaken or reverse the normally steady easterly trade winds, allowing warm water to move eastward and redistribute heat globally. The phenomenon typically occurs every two to seven years and lasts nine to twelve months. Its counterpart, La Niña, involves strengthened trade winds and cooler sea surface temperatures. The WMO noted that there is no evidence that climate change increases the frequency or intensity of El Niño events, but a warmer ocean and atmosphere can amplify associated impacts such as heatwaves and heavy rainfall. Regional impacts are expected to vary significantly. The WMO and other sources indicate that El Niño typically brings increased rainfall to southern South America, the southern United States, parts of the Horn of Africa, and central Asia. Conversely, drought conditions are anticipated in Australia, Indonesia, and sections of southern Asia, including India. Chris Hyde, a meteorologist at Meteomatics, stated that growing conditions in the US Midwest are likely to be ideal, though the timing of El Niño could affect moisture levels during harvest. The phenomenon also has a warming effect on the global climate; the previous strong El Niño contributed to 2023 being the second-hottest year on record and 2024 the hottest. Historical precedents illustrate the potential severity of strong El Niño events. The 2015–2016 event caused severe drought across Australia and Southeast Asia, weakened the Indian monsoon, and reduced output of grain, palm oil, and sugar, while excessive rain in parts of South America disrupted soybean and corn harvests. The moderate 2009–2010 El Niño reduced yields of rice and wheat in India and Southeast Asia. The strongest on record, in 1997–1998, led to drought in parts of Asia that slashed rice production, though India received average rainfall, and flooding in the Americas damaged crops. The most recent strong La Niña persisted from 2020 to 2023. Forecasters have noted that spring predictions are typically less reliable, and greater confidence in the strength and timing of the event will be possible after April 2026. The WMO emphasized that while models indicate a potentially strong event, the inherent uncertainty of seasonal forecasts requires caution. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology and other agencies continue to monitor sea surface temperature rises in the equatorial Pacific, which have been observed to be accelerating.

Conclusion

The anticipated El Niño event is expected to commence between May and July 2026, with a high likelihood of strong conditions that could disrupt regional weather patterns and elevate global temperatures. While forecast confidence will improve after April, the current alignment of climate models suggests significant implications for agriculture, water resources, and extreme weather events across Asia, the Americas, and parts of Africa.

Vocabulary Learning

consensus (n.)
agreement / a generally accepted opinion or decision among a group共識
Example:There is a consensus among meteorological agencies about the El Niño onset.
disrupt (v.)
disturb / to prevent something from continuing as usual or as expected擾亂,打亂
Example:El Niño could disrupt regional weather patterns and agriculture.
implications (n.)
consequences / the possible effects or results of something影響,後果
Example:The forecast has significant implications for water resources.
intensification (n.)
strengthening / the process of becoming more intense or severe加劇,強化
Example:The WMO warned of further intensification of El Niño conditions.
onset (n.)
beginning / the start of something, especially something unpleasant開始(尤指不愉快事情的開始)
Example:The onset of El Niño is expected between May and July 2026.

Sentence Learning

This phenomenon is expected to influence global temperature patterns and rainfall patterns, with potential consequences for agriculture and water resources across several continents.
Passive Voice 'is expected' is passive, focusing on the phenomenon rather than who expects. It helps organize information by making the subject the topic.被動語態 'is expected' 是被動語態,強調現象本身而非誰預測,有助於組織信息,使主語成為話題。
El Niño is a naturally occurring climate pattern characterized by unusual warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean.
Passive Voice with Past Participle 'characterized by' uses past participle to describe the pattern, a common structure in definitions.被動語態及過去分詞 'characterized by' 使用過去分詞來描述該模式,是定義中常見的結構。
Conversely, drought conditions are anticipated in Australia, Indonesia, and sections of southern Asia, including India.
Linking Word - Contrast 'Conversely' signals a direct contrast to the previous sentence. Also passive voice 'are anticipated'.連接詞 - 對比 'Conversely' 表示與前一句直接對比。同時 'are anticipated' 為被動語態。
The 2015–2016 event caused severe drought across Australia and Southeast Asia, weakened the Indian monsoon, and reduced output of grain, palm oil, and sugar, while excessive rain in parts of South America disrupted soybean and corn harvests.
Linking Word - Contrast 'while' contrasts the effects in different regions. It connects two contrasting clauses.連接詞 - 對比 'while' 對比不同地區的影響,連接兩個對比子句。
The strongest on record, in 1997–1998, led to drought in parts of Asia that slashed rice production, though India received average rainfall, and flooding in the Americas damaged crops.
Relative Clause and Linking Word 'that slashed rice production' is a defining relative clause specifying the drought. 'though' shows contrast between drought in Asia and average rainfall in India.關係從句與連接詞 'that slashed rice production' 是限定性關係從句,具體說明乾旱的影響;'though' 顯示亞洲乾旱與印度正常降雨之間的對比。
C2

Global Meteorological Agencies Forecast Strong El Niño Event for Mid-2026 with Regional Climate Impacts

Introduction

Multiple international weather forecasting organizations, including the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), have indicated a high probability that a strong El Niño event will develop during the second half of 2026. This phenomenon is expected to influence global temperature patterns and precipitation distribution, with potential consequences for agriculture and water resources across several continents.

Main Body

A consensus among meteorological agencies points to the onset of El Niño conditions between May and July 2026. Japan's weather bureau has assigned a 70% probability for the emergence of El Niño during the Northern Hemisphere summer. The United States Climate Prediction Centre estimates a 61% chance for the May-to-July window. Indian authorities have warned that the monsoon season may be below average for the first time in three years, while Chinese officials anticipate El Niño conditions persisting through the end of the year after a May onset. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology predicts below-median rainfall in eastern cropping regions from May to August. The WMO's climate prediction chief, Wilfran Moufouma Okia, stated that climate models are strongly aligned and that there is high confidence in the onset of El Niño followed by further intensification. El Niño is a naturally occurring climate pattern characterized by anomalous warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. It arises when shifts in atmospheric pressure weaken or reverse the normally steady easterly trade winds, allowing warm water to move eastward and redistribute heat globally. The phenomenon typically occurs every two to seven years and lasts nine to twelve months. Its counterpart, La Niña, involves strengthened trade winds and cooler sea surface temperatures. The WMO noted that there is no evidence that climate change increases the frequency or intensity of El Niño events, but a warmer ocean and atmosphere can amplify associated impacts such as heatwaves and heavy rainfall. Regional impacts are expected to vary significantly. The WMO and other sources indicate that El Niño typically brings increased rainfall to southern South America, the southern United States, parts of the Horn of Africa, and central Asia. Conversely, drought conditions are anticipated in Australia, Indonesia, and sections of southern Asia, including India. Chris Hyde, a meteorologist at Meteomatics, stated that growing conditions in the US Midwest are likely to be ideal, though the timing of El Niño could affect moisture levels during harvest. The phenomenon also has a warming effect on the global climate; the previous strong El Niño contributed to 2023 being the second-hottest year on record and 2024 the hottest. Historical precedents illustrate the potential severity of strong El Niño events. The 2015–2016 event caused severe drought across Australia and Southeast Asia, weakened the Indian monsoon, and reduced output of grain, palm oil, and sugar, while excessive rain in parts of South America disrupted soybean and corn harvests. The moderate 2009–2010 El Niño reduced yields of rice and wheat in India and Southeast Asia. The strongest on record, in 1997–1998, led to drought in parts of Asia that slashed rice production, though India received average rainfall, and flooding in the Americas damaged crops. The most recent strong La Niña persisted from 2020 to 2023. Forecasters have noted that spring predictions are typically less reliable, and greater confidence in the strength and timing of the event will be possible after April 2026. The WMO emphasized that while models indicate a potentially strong event, the inherent uncertainty of seasonal forecasts requires caution. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology and other agencies continue to monitor sea surface temperature rises in the equatorial Pacific, which have been observed to be accelerating.

Conclusion

The anticipated El Niño event is expected to commence between May and July 2026, with a high likelihood of strong conditions that could disrupt regional weather patterns and elevate global temperatures. While forecast confidence will improve after April, the current alignment of climate models suggests significant implications for agriculture, water resources, and extreme weather events across Asia, the Americas, and parts of Africa.

Vocabulary Learning

anomalous (adj.)
Abnormal / Deviating from the normal or expected pattern異常的,反常的
Example:El Niño is a naturally occurring climate pattern characterized by anomalous warming of sea surface temperatures.
counterpart (n.)
Equivalent / A person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another對應物,相對應的事物
Example:Its counterpart, La Niña, involves strengthened trade winds and cooler sea surface temperatures.
inherent (adj.)
Intrinsic / Existing in something as a permanent, essential characteristic固有的,內在的
Example:The inherent uncertainty of seasonal forecasts requires caution.
intensification (n.)
Strengthening / The process of becoming more intense or severe加劇,強化
Example:There is high confidence in the onset of El Niño followed by further intensification.
onset (n.)
Commencement / The beginning or start of something, especially an event or phenomenon開始,來臨(尤指重要或負面事件)
Example:A consensus among meteorological agencies points to the onset of El Niño conditions between May and July 2026.

Sentence Learning

The WMO's climate prediction chief, Wilfran Moufouma Okia, stated that climate models are strongly aligned and that there is high confidence in the onset of El Niño followed by further intensification.
Appositive and Parallel Clauses: The sentence begins with an appositive noun phrase 'Wilfran Moufouma Okia' renaming 'The WMO's climate prediction chief'. It then uses two parallel 'that' clauses as objects of 'stated'. The second 'that' clause contains a reduced relative clause 'followed by further intensification' modifying 'onset'.同位語與平行子句:句子開頭使用同位語名詞片語「Wilfran Moufouma Okia」重新命名「世界氣象組織的氣候預測主管」。接著使用兩個平行的「that」子句作為「stated」的受詞。第二個「that」子句中包含一個縮減的關係子句「followed by further intensification」修飾「onset」。
It arises when shifts in atmospheric pressure weaken or reverse the normally steady easterly trade winds, allowing warm water to move eastward and redistribute heat globally.
Participial Phrase of Result: The main clause uses 'when' to introduce a temporal clause. The participial phrase 'allowing warm water to move...' indicates the result of the action in the 'when' clause. This is a non-finite clause expressing consequence.結果分詞片語:主要子句使用「when」引導時間子句。分詞片語「allowing warm water to move...」表示「when」子句中動作的結果。這是一個表達結果的非限定子句。
The phenomenon also has a warming effect on the global climate; the previous strong El Niño contributed to 2023 being the second-hottest year on record and 2024 the hottest.
Semicolon with Ellipsis: The semicolon joins two independent clauses. The second clause uses a gerund 'being' after 'contributed to', and then an elliptical construction 'and 2024 the hottest' omits the repeated verb 'being' for conciseness.分號與省略結構:分號連接兩個獨立子句。第二個子句在「contributed to」之後使用動名詞「being」,然後使用省略結構「and 2024 the hottest」省略重複的動詞「being」以達到簡潔。
The 2015–2016 event caused severe drought across Australia and Southeast Asia, weakened the Indian monsoon, and reduced output of grain, palm oil, and sugar, while excessive rain in parts of South America disrupted soybean and corn harvests.
Parallel Verb Phrases with Concessive Clause: The sentence lists three parallel verb phrases ('caused', 'weakened', 'reduced') describing the effects of the event. Then a concessive clause introduced by 'while' contrasts with the previous list, highlighting simultaneous opposite impacts.平行動詞片語與讓步子句:句子列出三個平行的動詞片語(「caused」、「weakened」、「reduced」)描述事件的影響。然後由「while」引導的讓步子句與前面的列表形成對比,強調同時發生的相反影響。
The Australian Bureau of Meteorology and other agencies continue to monitor sea surface temperature rises in the equatorial Pacific, which have been observed to be accelerating.
Non-restrictive Relative Clause with Passive Infinitive: The relative clause 'which have been observed to be accelerating' is non-restrictive (set off by comma) and provides additional information. It contains a passive infinitive 'to be accelerating' after 'observed', indicating the ongoing nature of the acceleration.非限定關係子句與被動不定詞:關係子句「which have been observed to be accelerating」是非限定性的(以逗號分隔),提供附加資訊。其中包含被動不定詞「to be accelerating」跟在「observed」之後,表示加速的持續性。