Study: Very Processed Foods Can Slow Your Brain

A2

Study: Very Processed Foods Can Slow Your Brain

Introduction

A new study shows that eating a lot of very processed foods can make it harder to pay attention and think quickly.

Main Body

Researchers from three universities studied 2,100 Australian adults. The adults did not have dementia. The researchers asked about their food and tested their attention and thinking speed. They found that when people ate 10% more very processed foods, their attention scores went down. For example, eating one more bag of chips each day. Other studies also found similar results. A 2022 study from Harvard said people who ate more processed foods had a 25% higher risk of dementia. Another study from China followed 72,000 older adults for 10 years. It said that replacing 10% of processed foods with fresh foods could lower dementia risk by 19%. A study from Virginia Tech linked processed meats and sugary drinks to worse memory. A 2023 study from Ohio State said the average attention span of US adults is now eight seconds. Dr. Barbara Cardoso is the lead researcher. She said the chemicals in processed foods are probably the reason for the brain problems. Dr. Evita Singh said many things can affect attention. The study did not prove that processed foods cause dementia. But it found links to problems like obesity and high blood pressure. The researchers said more study is needed. Very processed foods make up about 60% of the US diet. Some foods that seem healthy, like granola bars and plant-based meat, are also very processed. The researchers say eating these foods sometimes is not a problem. But eating them every day may slowly hurt your brain over time.

Conclusion

This study adds to the evidence that eating many processed foods is bad for your brain. It is especially bad for attention. We need to learn more about how these foods affect the brain.

Vocabulary Learning

attention (n.)
the ability to focus on something注意力
Example:Eating processed foods can make your attention worse.
brain (n.)
the organ inside your head that thinks and controls your body大腦
Example:Processed foods may slow your brain.
food (n.)
something you eat食物
Example:Very processed foods can hurt your brain over time.
risk (n.)
the chance that something bad will happen風險
Example:Eating processed foods increases the risk of dementia.
study (n.)
research / a piece of work that finds new information研究
Example:A new study shows that processed foods can slow your brain.

Sentence Learning

Researchers from three universities studied 2,100 Australian adults.
Prepositional Phrase: This sentence uses a prepositional phrase 'from three universities' to give context about the researchers.這個句子使用介詞短語「來自三所大學」來提供關於研究人員的背景資訊。
The researchers asked about their food and tested their attention and thinking speed.
Connector: The word 'and' connects two actions: asked and tested.連接詞「和」連接了兩個動作:詢問和測試。
A 2022 study from Harvard said people who ate more processed foods had a 25% higher risk of dementia.
Time Marker: The year '2022' is a time marker that tells when the study happened.年份「2022」是一個時間標記,說明研究發生的時間。
Another study from China followed 72,000 older adults for 10 years.
Time Marker: The phrase 'for 10 years' is a time marker showing how long the study lasted.短語「持續10年」是一個時間標記,顯示研究持續了多久。
But eating them every day may slowly hurt your brain over time.
Connector: The word 'But' is a connector that shows a contrast to the previous idea.連接詞「但是」表示與前一個想法相反。
B2

Study Links Ultra-Processed Food to Declines in Attention and Cognitive Speed

Introduction

A new study by researchers from Monash University, the University of São Paulo, and Deakin University has found a clear link between eating more ultra-processed foods and measurable drops in attention and mental processing speed. This effect remained even among participants whose overall diets were considered healthy, which suggests that the level of food processing itself may affect brain function.

Main Body

The study, published in a journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, involved over 2,100 middle-aged Australian adults who did not have dementia at the start. Researchers measured their food intake and gave them cognitive tests focused on attention and processing speed. They found that a 10% increase in the amount of ultra-processed food in a person's diet—about the same as eating one extra packet of chips per day—was linked to a statistically significant drop in attention scores. On average, participants got about 41% of their daily energy from ultra-processed foods. This number is similar to the national average in Australia and reflects trends seen around the world. These results are consistent with earlier research. For example, a 2022 study from Harvard Medical School reported a 25% higher risk of dementia among people who ate more ultra-processed foods. Another study, published in Neurology in 2022, followed over 72,000 Chinese adults aged 55 and older for an average of 10 years. The researchers estimated that replacing 10% of ultra-processed foods with less processed alternatives could reduce dementia risk by 19%. Separate work by Virginia Tech University linked processed meats and sugary drinks to worse memory and thinking in adults. Additionally, a 2023 study from Ohio State University found that the average attention span of U.S. adults is now eight seconds, although experts note that many factors contribute to attention problems. Dr. Barbara Cardoso, the lead author and a biochemist at Monash University, stated that the additives and industrial ingredients common in ultra-processed foods are likely the main cause of the cognitive effects, rather than simply the lack of nutrients found in whole foods. Dr. Evita Singh, a psychiatrist at Ohio State University, commented that many variables can affect focus and attention. The study did not prove that ultra-processed foods directly cause dementia, but it did find links to intermediate risk factors such as obesity and high blood pressure. The researchers emphasized that the biological pathways are still being investigated. Ultra-processed foods make up about 60% of the U.S. diet, according to the study’s authors. Many products often seen as relatively healthy—such as granola bars and plant-based meat alternatives—fall into this category because of their additive content. The authors caution that while eating these foods occasionally is unlikely to cause harm, the long-term effects of regular consumption may slowly damage cognitive function over time.

Conclusion

This research supports a consistent pattern linking ultra-processed food consumption to reduced cognitive performance, especially in attention. Although the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood, the findings suggest that choosing foods based on how processed they are may have small but significant effects on brain health over the long term.

Vocabulary Learning

additives (n.)
substances added to food to improve taste, appearance, or shelf life添加劑
Example:The additives in ultra-processed foods may affect brain health.
cognitive (adj.)
relating to mental processes such as thinking, learning, and memory認知的
Example:The study found a link between diet and cognitive function.
consumption (n.)
the act of eating or drinking something攝取;消耗
Example:High consumption of processed foods is linked to health problems.
dementia (n.)
a serious mental disorder affecting memory and thinking認知障礙症
Example:Eating ultra-processed foods may increase the risk of dementia.
mechanisms (n.)
the processes or ways in which something works機制
Example:The biological mechanisms behind this effect are still being studied.

Sentence Learning

This effect remained even among participants whose overall diets were considered healthy, which suggests that the level of food processing itself may affect brain function.
Relative clause with 'whose' and 'which', passive voice 'were considered' The sentence uses a relative clause with 'whose' to describe participants, and 'which' to refer to the entire previous clause. The passive voice 'were considered' emphasizes the action rather than the doer.關係從句 'whose' 和 'which',被動語態 'were considered' 句子使用關係從句 'whose' 描述參與者,'which' 指代整個前句。被動語態 'were considered' 強調動作而非執行者。
The study, published in a journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, involved over 2,100 middle-aged Australian adults who did not have dementia at the start.
Relative clause with 'who', passive voice 'published' The phrase 'published in a journal' is a reduced passive relative clause modifying 'the study'. The relative clause 'who did not have dementia' provides essential information about the adults.關係從句 'who',被動語態 'published' 'published in a journal' 是縮略的被動關係從句,修飾 'the study'。關係從句 'who did not have dementia' 提供關於成年人的必要信息。
They found that a 10% increase in the amount of ultra-processed food in a person's diet—about the same as eating one extra packet of chips per day—was linked to a statistically significant drop in attention scores.
Passive voice 'was linked', parenthetical dash The passive structure 'was linked to' highlights the statistical relationship. The dashes set off an explanatory phrase, making the sentence clearer.被動語態 'was linked',插入破折號 被動結構 'was linked to' 強調統計關係。破折號插入解釋性短語,使句子更清晰。
Additionally, a 2023 study from Ohio State University found that the average attention span of U.S. adults is now eight seconds, although experts note that many factors contribute to attention problems.
Linking word 'although' for contrast, transition 'Additionally' 'Additionally' introduces new supporting evidence. 'Although' contrasts the finding with the experts' note, showing a concession.對比連接詞 'although',過渡詞 'Additionally' 'Additionally' 引入新的支持證據。'Although' 對比研究結果與專家的意見,表示讓步。
Many products often seen as relatively healthy—such as granola bars and plant-based meat alternatives—fall into this category because of their additive content.
Passive voice 'seen as', dash for examples The passive 'seen as' indicates how products are perceived. The dashes introduce examples, clarifying the category.被動語態 'seen as',破折號舉例 被動語態 'seen as' 表示產品被視為如何。破折號引入例子,澄清類別。
C2

Study Links Ultra-Processed Food Consumption to Declines in Attention and Cognitive Processing Speed

Introduction

A new study conducted by researchers from Monash University, the University of São Paulo, and Deakin University has identified a consistent association between increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and measurable reductions in attention and mental processing speed. The effect persisted even among participants whose overall diets were otherwise considered healthy, suggesting that the degree of food processing itself may influence cognitive function.

Main Body

The study, published in a journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, involved more than 2,100 middle-aged Australian adults who were free of dementia at baseline. Researchers measured dietary intake and administered cognitive tests focusing on attention and processing speed. A 10% increase in the proportion of ultra-processed foods in a participant’s diet—roughly equivalent to consuming one additional daily packet of chips—was correlated with a statistically significant decline in attention scores. Participants derived approximately 41% of their daily energy from ultra-processed foods, a figure that closely mirrors national consumption patterns in Australia and reflects broader global trends. These findings align with a growing body of prior research. A 2022 study from Harvard Medical School reported a 25% increased risk of dementia among individuals with higher ultra-processed food intake. Another investigation, published in the journal Neurology in 2022, followed over 72,000 Chinese adults aged 55 and older for an average of 10 years; researchers estimated that replacing 10% of ultra-processed foods with minimally processed alternatives could reduce dementia risk by 19%. Separate work by Virginia Tech University linked consumption of processed meats and sugary drinks to poorer memory and cognitive performance in adults. Additionally, a 2023 study from Ohio State University found that the average attention span of U.S. adults is now eight seconds, though experts note that multiple factors contribute to attentional difficulties. Dr. Barbara Cardoso, the lead author and a biochemist at Monash University, stated that the additives and industrial ingredients common in ultra-processed foods are likely the primary mechanism behind the observed cognitive effects, rather than simply the absence of nutrients found in whole foods. Dr. Evita Singh, a psychiatrist at Ohio State University, commented that many variables can affect focus and attention. The study did not establish a direct causal link between ultra-processed foods and dementia, but it did identify associations with intermediate risk factors such as obesity and hypertension. The researchers emphasized that the biological pathways remain under investigation. Ultra-processed foods constitute approximately 60% of the U.S. diet, according to the study’s authors. Many products commonly perceived as relatively healthy—such as granola bars and plant-based meat alternatives—fall into this category due to their additive content. The study’s authors caution that while occasional consumption is unlikely to cause harm, the cumulative effects of regular intake may gradually erode cognitive function over time.

Conclusion

The research reinforces a consistent pattern linking ultra-processed food consumption to diminished cognitive performance, particularly in the domain of attention. Although the precise mechanisms are not yet fully understood, the findings suggest that dietary choices involving the degree of food processing may have subtle but consequential implications for brain health over the long term.

Vocabulary Learning

cognitive (adj.)
mental / relating to mental processes such as thinking, learning, and memory認知的;與認知功能相關的
Example:The study linked ultra-processed food consumption to declines in cognitive function.
consequential (adj.)
significant / having important consequences重要的;有重大影響的
Example:The findings suggest that dietary choices may have subtle but consequential implications for brain health.
cumulative (adj.)
accumulating / increasing by successive additions累積的;逐漸增加的
Example:The cumulative effects of regular intake of ultra-processed foods may gradually erode cognitive function.
diminished (adj.)
reduced / made smaller or weaker減少的;衰退的
Example:Participants showed diminished attention scores after increased consumption of ultra-processed foods.
erode (v.)
wear away / to gradually destroy or diminish侵蝕;逐漸損害
Example:Regular consumption of ultra-processed foods may erode cognitive function over time.

Sentence Learning

A new study conducted by researchers from Monash University, the University of São Paulo, and Deakin University has identified a consistent association between increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and measurable reductions in attention and mental processing speed.
Reduced Relative Clause: The phrase 'conducted by researchers...' is a reduced relative clause (omitting 'which was') that modifies 'study', compressing information and adding syntactic density.縮減關係從句:「conducted by researchers...」是縮減的關係從句(省略了「which was」),修飾「study」,壓縮資訊並增加句法密度。
The effect persisted even among participants whose overall diets were otherwise considered healthy, suggesting that the degree of food processing itself may influence cognitive function.
Present Participle Clause: The clause 'suggesting that...' is a present participle clause that provides a result or additional commentary, linked to the main clause without a conjunction.現在分詞從句:「suggesting that...」是現在分詞從句,提供結果或附加評論,無需連詞即可與主句相連。
A 10% increase in the proportion of ultra-processed foods in a participant’s diet—roughly equivalent to consuming one additional daily packet of chips—was correlated with a statistically significant decline in attention scores.
Parenthetical Appositive with Dashes: The dash-enclosed phrase 'roughly equivalent to consuming one additional daily packet of chips' is an appositive that renames and elaborates on the preceding noun phrase, adding explanatory detail.破折號插入式同位語:破折號括起的「roughly equivalent to consuming one additional daily packet of chips」是同位語,對前面的名詞短語進行重新命名和闡述,增加解釋性細節。
Another investigation, published in the journal Neurology in 2022, followed over 72,000 Chinese adults aged 55 and older for an average of 10 years; researchers estimated that replacing 10% of ultra-processed foods with minimally processed alternatives could reduce dementia risk by 19%.
Semicolon and Hypothetical Conditional: The semicolon joins two independent clauses; the second clause uses 'could reduce' to express a hypothetical outcome (conditional on the replacement), demonstrating a complex conditional structure.分號與假設條件句:分號連接兩個獨立子句;第二個子句使用「could reduce」表達假設結果(取決於替代行為),展示複雜的條件結構。
Although the precise mechanisms are not yet fully understood, the findings suggest that dietary choices involving the degree of food processing may have subtle but consequential implications for brain health over the long term.
Concessive Clause: The clause 'Although the precise mechanisms are not yet fully understood' is a concessive clause that acknowledges a counterpoint, creating a nuanced rhetorical contrast with the main assertion.讓步從句:「Although the precise mechanisms are not yet fully understood」是讓步從句,承認一個相反觀點,與主要論斷形成細微的修辭對比。