Fighting in Lebanon Damages Homes and Forces People to Leave

A2

Fighting in Lebanon Damages Homes and Forces People to Leave

Introduction

In March 2025, fighting started again between Hezbollah and Israel. Fighting destroyed many houses and roads in southern Lebanon. A ceasefire (stop fighting) started on 16 April. But Israeli soldiers still stay in a 10-kilometer area inside Lebanon. About 1.2 million people had to leave their homes.

Main Body

On 2 March 2025, Hezbollah fired rockets at Israel. Israel then sent soldiers into southern Lebanon. Israel says it attacks Hezbollah fighters in villages. But fighting destroyed many buildings. Pictures from space show that almost one-third of buildings in Qouzah village disappeared. Joe Elias lived in Qouzah. Fighting destroyed his house. He said his family left the village before the fighting. Israel said that Hezbollah fired five missiles from his house. So Israel hit the house. Elias now lives in Beirut. In Debel village, a soldier broke a cross in a family's garden. The cross was important to the family. Israel said sorry and gave a new cross. The family accepted a cross from Italy. UN soldiers and local church leaders put it up. In Nabatieh, a pharmacy owner named Mazen Husseini went back to see his shop. A blast broke a window. He is not sure the ceasefire will last. His family did not come back yet.

Conclusion

The ceasefire stopped big fights for now. But many people cannot go back to their homes. They lost their houses and things. The future is not clear.

Vocabulary Learning

damage (v.)
harm / to harm or break something損壞;破壞
Example:The storm damaged the roof.
fighting (n.)
conflict / when people or groups try to hurt each other戰鬥;打鬥
Example:The fighting in the city is very dangerous.
force (v.)
make / to make someone do something they do not want to do強迫;迫使
Example:The rain forced us to stay inside.
home (n.)
house / the place where you live家;住所
Example:I go home after work.
leave (v.)
go away / to go away from a place離開
Example:Please leave the room now.

Sentence Learning

In March 2025, fighting started again between Hezbollah and Israel.
Time Marker and Prepositional Phrase: This sentence uses a time marker (In March 2025) to show when, and a prepositional phrase (between Hezbollah and Israel) to show the relationship.這個句子使用時間標記(2025年3月)來表示時間,並使用介詞短語(在真主黨和以色列之間)來表示關係。
But Israeli soldiers still stay in a 10-kilometer area inside Lebanon.
Contrast Connector and Prepositional Phrase: This sentence uses the connector 'But' to show contrast, and a prepositional phrase (in a 10-kilometer area inside Lebanon) to give location.這個句子使用連接詞「但是」來表示對比,並使用介詞短語(在黎巴嫩境內一個10公里的區域內)來說明位置。
On 2 March 2025, Hezbollah fired rockets at Israel.
Time Marker and Prepositional Phrase: This sentence uses a time marker (On 2 March 2025) to specify the date, and a prepositional phrase (at Israel) to show the target.這個句子使用時間標記(2025年3月2日)來指定日期,並使用介詞短語(向以色列)來表示目標。
Elias now lives in Beirut.
Time Marker and Prepositional Phrase: This sentence uses a time marker (now) to indicate the present, and a prepositional phrase (in Beirut) to show the place.這個句子使用時間標記(現在)來表示當前,並使用介詞短語(在貝魯特)來說明地點。
The ceasefire stopped big fights for now.
Time Marker: This sentence uses a time marker (for now) to indicate a temporary situation.這個句子使用時間標記(暫時)來表示一個暫時的情況。
B2

Destruction of Civilian Property and Displacement in Southern Lebanon During Israel-Hezbollah Conflict

Introduction

Renewed fighting between Hezbollah and Israel, which started in early March 2025, has caused widespread destruction of civilian buildings and infrastructure in southern Lebanon. A ceasefire announced on 16 April is still in effect, but Israeli forces continue to hold a border area that goes up to 10 kilometers into Lebanese territory. According to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the conflict has forced about 1.2 million people to leave their homes.

Main Body

The current phase of the conflict began on 2 March 2025, when Hezbollah fired rockets into Israel in response to the killing of Iran’s supreme leader. Israel then started a ground invasion of southern Lebanon. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) have stated that their operations target Hezbollah positions located inside civilian areas, and that they follow the Law of Armed Conflict. However, evidence examined by BBC Verify shows that planned demolitions have taken place in at least 12 border villages since early March. Satellite images reveal that nearly one-third of the buildings in the main residential area of Qouzah were destroyed between 3 March and 16 April. Individual cases show the impact on civilians. Joe Elias, a former mayor of Qouzah, reported that his family’s home—built about twenty years ago—was completely destroyed after Israeli forces hit the building. The IDF stated that five anti-tank missiles were fired toward its troops from the location of the Elias house on 6 March, wounding four soldiers, and that the later attack was meant to prevent further attacks. Elias noted that his family had already left for Beirut in February, and that neighbors left the village after Hezbollah entered the area. Satellite images also confirmed the presence of Israeli armored vehicles near the property. In the village of Debel, Houssam Naddaf’s family garden contained a crucifix that was broken by an Israeli soldier, an act that was widely condemned. The IDF later replaced the sculpture with a smaller crucifix and apologized, but Naddaf’s family chose to accept a replacement donated by Italy, which was installed in a ceremony attended by UN peacekeepers and local religious leaders. Naddaf, who is not allowed to return to his home because of Israeli restrictions on movement, described the inside as a “total mess” but said the structure was still standing, unlike neighboring houses that were destroyed. In Nabatieh, pharmacist Mazen Husseini returned to check damage to his pharmacy, which had its front window shattered by a blast from a nearby building. He expressed doubt that the ceasefire would last, stating that his family had not yet returned. Different groups have different views on the reasons for the destruction. The IDF maintains that Hezbollah operates from civilian areas and that its actions are legal. Hezbollah, in turn, has released videos that claim to show drone attacks on Israeli positions within the village. Civilians such as Elias argue that the Israeli response is too strong, pointing to the destruction of roads, water pipes, and electricity infrastructure. Naddaf’s family, while grateful for the Italian donation, expressed concern that the continued occupation and demolition could lead to long-term displacement. International law experts have suggested that the scale of destruction could be considered a war crime, though this remains an analysis rather than a confirmed legal decision.

Conclusion

The ceasefire has stopped major fighting for now, but the continued Israeli occupation of a border security zone and the widespread destruction of civilian property have left many displaced residents unsure if they can return. The cases of Elias, Naddaf, and Husseini highlight the physical and emotional losses suffered by civilians, while the basic security concerns of both Israel and Hezbollah are still not solved. The chances for rebuilding and lasting peace depend on how long the ceasefire lasts and on solving territorial and security disagreements.

Vocabulary Learning

ceasefire (n.)
an agreement to stop fighting停火
Example:A ceasefire announced on 16 April is still in effect, but major fighting has stopped.
demolition (n.)
the act of destroying buildings拆除;毀壞
Example:Satellite images show that planned demolitions have taken place in at least 12 border villages.
displacement (n.)
the forced movement of people from their home流離失所;遷移
Example:The conflict has caused the displacement of about 1.2 million people from southern Lebanon.
infrastructure (n.)
basic physical and organizational structures needed for a society基礎設施
Example:Civilians pointed to the destruction of roads, water pipes, and electricity infrastructure.
occupation (n.)
military control of a territory佔領
Example:The continued Israeli occupation of a border security zone has left many displaced residents unsure if they can return.

Sentence Learning

Renewed fighting between Hezbollah and Israel, which started in early March 2025, has caused widespread destruction of civilian buildings and infrastructure in southern Lebanon.
Relative clause This sentence uses a non-defining relative clause 'which started in early March 2025' to add extra information about the fighting. It helps organize the idea by providing temporal context without interrupting the main clause.關係從句 此句使用非限定性關係從句 'which started in early March 2025' 來補充關於戰鬥的額外信息。它通過在不打斷主句的情況下提供時間背景來幫助組織思路。
Satellite images reveal that nearly one-third of the buildings in the main residential area of Qouzah were destroyed between 3 March and 16 April.
Passive voice The passive construction 'were destroyed' shifts focus from the agent (who destroyed) to the action and the buildings. This is common in formal reporting to emphasize the result rather than the doer.被動語態 被動結構 'were destroyed' 將焦點從施動者轉移到動作和建築物上。這在正式報導中常見,以強調結果而非執行者。
The IDF stated that five anti-tank missiles were fired toward its troops from the location of the Elias house on 6 March, wounding four soldiers, and that the later attack was meant to prevent further attacks.
Passive voice and linking This sentence uses passive voice ('were fired', 'was meant') to report actions without specifying the agent, and the linking word 'and' connects two reported statements. The passive helps maintain a formal, objective tone.被動語態與連接詞 此句使用被動語態('were fired', 'was meant')來報導動作而不指明施動者,連接詞 'and' 連接兩個陳述。被動語態有助於保持正式客觀的語氣。
Naddaf, who is not allowed to return to his home because of Israeli restrictions on movement, described the inside as a "total mess" but said the structure was still standing, unlike neighboring houses that were destroyed.
Relative clauses and contrast This sentence contains two relative clauses: 'who is not allowed...' (defining Naddaf) and 'that were destroyed' (defining houses). It also uses contrast words 'but' and 'unlike' to compare Naddaf's house with others. These structures help organize complex information clearly.關係從句與對比 此句包含兩個關係從句:'who is not allowed...'(定義Naddaf)和 'that were destroyed'(定義房屋)。它還使用對比詞 'but' 和 'unlike' 來比較Naddaf的房屋與其他房屋。這些結構有助於清晰地組織複雜信息。
International law experts have suggested that the scale of destruction could be considered a war crime, though this remains an analysis rather than a confirmed legal decision.
Linking word for contrast and passive The linking word 'though' introduces a contrast between the suggestion and the current status. The passive 'could be considered' is used to express possibility without assigning responsibility. This structure helps present balanced, nuanced arguments.對比連接詞與被動語態 連接詞 'though' 引出建議與當前狀態之間的對比。被動語態 'could be considered' 用於表達可能性而不指定責任。此結構有助於呈現平衡、細緻的論點。
C2

Destruction of Civilian Property and Displacement in Southern Lebanon Amidst Israel-Hezbollah Conflict

Introduction

Renewed hostilities between Hezbollah and Israel, which commenced in early March 2025, have led to extensive destruction of civilian infrastructure and residential buildings in southern Lebanon. A ceasefire announced on 16 April remains in effect, but Israeli forces continue to occupy a border strip extending up to 10 kilometers into Lebanese territory. The conflict has displaced an estimated 1.2 million people, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

Main Body

The current phase of the conflict began on 2 March 2025, when Hezbollah launched rockets into Israel in retaliation for the killing of Iran’s supreme leader. Israel subsequently initiated a ground invasion of southern Lebanon. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) have stated that their operations target Hezbollah positions embedded within civilian areas, and that they adhere to the Law of Armed Conflict. However, visual evidence analyzed by BBC Verify indicates that controlled demolitions have occurred in at least 12 border villages since early March, with satellite imagery showing the destruction of nearly one-third of buildings in the main residential area of Qouzah between 3 March and 16 April. Individual cases illustrate the scale of civilian impact. Joe Elias, a former mayor of Qouzah, reported that his family’s home—constructed nearly two decades ago—was flattened after Israeli forces struck the building. The IDF stated that five anti-tank missiles were launched toward its troops from the coordinates of the Elias house on 6 March, injuring four soldiers, and that the subsequent strike was intended to prevent further attacks. Elias noted that his family had already been displaced to Beirut since February, and that neighbors fled the village after Hezbollah entered the area. Satellite imagery also confirmed the presence of Israeli armored vehicles near the property. In the village of Debel, Houssam Naddaf’s family garden contained a crucifix that was smashed by an Israeli soldier, an act that drew widespread condemnation. The IDF later replaced the sculpture with a smaller crucifix and offered an apology, but Naddaf’s family opted to accept a replacement donated by Italy, installed in a ceremony attended by UN peacekeepers and local clergy. Naddaf, who has been barred from returning to his home due to Israeli movement restrictions, described the interior as a “total mess” but noted that the structure remained standing, unlike neighboring houses that were demolished. In Nabatieh, pharmacist Mazen Husseini returned to inspect damage to his pharmacy, which had its front window shattered by a blast from an adjacent building. He expressed skepticism about the durability of the ceasefire, stating that his family had not yet returned. Stakeholder perspectives diverge on the justification for the destruction. The IDF maintains that Hezbollah operates from civilian areas, and that its actions are lawful. Hezbollah, in turn, has released videos purporting to show drone attacks on Israeli positions within the village. Civilians such as Elias argue that the Israeli response is disproportionate, noting the destruction of roads, water pipes, and electricity infrastructure. Naddaf’s family, while grateful for the Italian donation, expressed concern that the continued occupation and demolition could lead to prolonged displacement. International law experts have suggested that the scale of destruction may amount to a war crime, though this remains an analytical interpretation rather than a verified legal determination.

Conclusion

The ceasefire has temporarily halted large-scale combat, but the continued Israeli occupation of a border buffer zone and the extensive destruction of civilian property have left many displaced residents uncertain about their ability to return. The cases of Elias, Naddaf, and Husseini underscore the material and emotional losses sustained by civilians, while the underlying security concerns of both Israel and Hezbollah remain unresolved. The prospects for reconstruction and lasting peace are contingent on the durability of the truce and the resolution of territorial and security disputes.

Vocabulary Learning

contingent (adj.)
dependent / conditional on something else; subject to change取決於;視乎...而定
Example:The prospects for lasting peace are contingent on the truce holding.
demolitions (n.)
destructions / the act of destroying buildings or structures拆除;爆破
Example:The controlled demolitions of houses were captured on satellite imagery.
disproportionate (adj.)
out of proportion / too large or too small in comparison with something else不成比例的;不相稱的
Example:The destruction of entire villages seemed disproportionate to the threat posed.
embedded (adj.)
ingrained / fixed firmly and deeply within something嵌入的;深植的
Example:The military claimed that the rockets were embedded in residential neighborhoods.
skepticism (n.)
doubt / an attitude of questioning or disbelief懷疑態度;質疑
Example:His skepticism about the ceasefire's durability was well-founded.

Sentence Learning

However, visual evidence analyzed by BBC Verify indicates that controlled demolitions have occurred in at least 12 border villages since early March, with satellite imagery showing the destruction of nearly one-third of buildings in the main residential area of Qouzah between 3 March and 16 April.
Reduced Relative Clause: This sentence uses a reduced relative clause ('analyzed by BBC Verify') to compactly modify 'visual evidence', and an absolute construction ('with satellite imagery showing...') to add circumstantial detail. The main verb 'indicates' governs a nominal clause, and precise temporal phrases enhance lexical density.簡化關係從句:此句使用簡化關係從句('analyzed by BBC Verify')簡潔修飾 'visual evidence',並以絕對結構('with satellite imagery showing...')補充環境細節。主要動詞 'indicates' 引導名詞性從句,精確的時間短語提升了詞彙密度。
The IDF stated that five anti-tank missiles were launched toward its troops from the coordinates of the Elias house on 6 March, injuring four soldiers, and that the subsequent strike was intended to prevent further attacks.
Passive Voice: The sentence features two parallel 'that'-clauses, both in passive voice ('were launched', 'was intended'), with a present participle clause ('injuring four soldiers') indicating result. This structure allows the agent to be omitted and emphasizes the actions.被動語態:此句包含兩個平行的 'that' 從句,均使用被動語態('were launched'、'was intended'),並以現在分詞從句('injuring four soldiers')表示結果。此結構省略施事者,強調動作本身。
Naddaf, who has been barred from returning to his home due to Israeli movement restrictions, described the interior as a “total mess” but noted that the structure remained standing, unlike neighboring houses that were demolished.
Non-Restrictive Relative Clause: The non-restrictive relative clause ('who has been barred...') provides background information about Naddaf without defining him. The sentence also uses a comparative structure ('unlike neighboring houses that were demolished') and a contrastive conjunction 'but'.非限制性關係從句:非限制性關係從句('who has been barred...')提供關於 Naddaf 的背景信息,而非定義其身分。句子還使用了比較結構('unlike neighboring houses that were demolished')和對比連詞 'but'。
International law experts have suggested that the scale of destruction may amount to a war crime, though this remains an analytical interpretation rather than a verified legal determination.
Subjunctive Mood: The verb phrase 'may amount' expresses a possibility or conjecture, characteristic of the subjunctive mood in formal English. The concessive clause ('though this remains...') introduces a contrast, and the nominal phrases ('analytical interpretation', 'verified legal determination') exhibit high lexical density.虛擬語氣:動詞短語 'may amount' 表達可能性或推測,是正式英語中虛擬語氣的特徵。讓步從句('though this remains...')引入對比,名詞短語('analytical interpretation'、'verified legal determination')展現高詞彙密度。
The prospects for reconstruction and lasting peace are contingent on the durability of the truce and the resolution of territorial and security disputes.
Nominalization: This sentence relies heavily on nominalizations ('prospects', 'reconstruction', 'durability', 'resolution', 'disputes') to condense complex ideas into noun phrases. The predicate 'are contingent on' links these abstract concepts, creating a formal, academic tone.名詞化:此句大量使用名詞化('prospects'、'reconstruction'、'durability'、'resolution'、'disputes')將複雜概念濃縮成名詞短語。謂語 'are contingent on' 連接這些抽象概念,營造正式、學術的語氣。