First Big Meeting About Stopping Oil and Gas Use Starts in Colombia

A2

First Big Meeting About Stopping Oil and Gas Use Starts in Colombia

Introduction

People from more than 50 countries met in Santa Marta, Colombia. It was the first big meeting about how to stop using oil, coal, and gas. The meeting was from April 24 to 29. It was not part of the United Nations climate talks.

Main Body

Colombia and the Netherlands planned the meeting. They were angry because big oil countries like Saudi Arabia and Russia stopped a plan at the 2024 UN climate meeting. The plan was to stop using oil, coal, and gas. The meeting in Colombia wants to talk about how to use less oil, coal, and gas. They talk about new laws, money, and help for people. Some countries at the meeting are small island countries. They are in danger from climate change. Big oil countries like Canada, Australia, the UK, and Norway are also there. Germany, France, and other EU countries are there too. The United States, China, Saudi Arabia, and Russia did not come. The meeting is for talking, not for making a new rule. Groups like Greenpeace and WWF said it is a historic meeting. Cristian Retamal from Chile said the talks can start a new world movement. A Dutch minister said they want to do real work. They want to stop giving money to oil and gas companies. Nikki Reisch from a law group said this meeting is a big change. Canada sent people to talk, but not its top leaders. Canada said it wants to help the conversation. But Canada''s oil and gas sector makes the most pollution in the country. The meeting also talks about problems. Madeleine Wörner from a German group said the meeting cannot fix everything fast. Big companies may ask for money if they lose profits. Retamal said it will take many years to make a new rule. For the first three days, groups, teachers, and business people came. For the last two days, political leaders came.

Conclusion

The Santa Marta meeting will not make a new rule. But it wants to start more meetings. A second meeting is already planned in Tuvalu, a Pacific island country. This meeting is a try by some countries to make real progress. They want to stop using oil, coal, and gas. They can become a strong group at future UN climate talks.

Vocabulary Learning

big
Large in size or importance.大的
Example:This is a big house.
help
To do something good for someone; to give support.幫助
Example:Can you help me carry this bag?
meeting
A time when people come together to talk.會議
Example:We have a meeting at 10 o'clock.
stop
To not do something anymore; to end.停止
Example:Please stop talking.
talk
To speak with someone; to discuss.談話
Example:They talk about the weather.

Sentence Learning

People from more than 50 countries met in Santa Marta, Colombia.
Subject + verb + place. 'From more than 50 countries' describes the people.主語 + 動詞 + 地點。'來自超過50個國家' 修飾 '人們'。
It was the first big meeting about how to stop using oil, coal, and gas.
Subject + 'was' + noun phrase. 'About how to stop using...' explains the meeting's topic.主語 + '是' + 名詞短語。'關於如何停止使用...' 說明了會議的主題。
They talk about new laws, money, and help for people.
Subject + verb + object. The object is a list of three things.主語 + 動詞 + 賓語。賓語是三件事的列表。
The United States, China, Saudi Arabia, and Russia did not come.
Subject (list of countries) + 'did not' + verb. This is a negative past tense sentence.主語(國家列表)+ '沒有' + 動詞。這是一個否定過去式的句子。
For the first three days, groups, teachers, and business people came.
Time phrase + subject + verb. 'For the first three days' tells us when.時間短語 + 主語 + 動詞。'在前三天' 告訴我們時間。
B2

First Major Conference on Moving Away from Fossil Fuels Begins in Colombia

Introduction

Representatives from more than 50 countries have gathered in Santa Marta, Colombia, for the first international meeting focused entirely on planning a shift away from fossil fuels. The conference, which runs from April 24 to 29, is taking place outside the official United Nations climate process.

Main Body

The conference, co-hosted by Colombia and the Netherlands, was created because many countries were frustrated by the lack of progress at the 2024 UN climate conference (COP). At that meeting, a group led by major oil and gas producers such as Russia and Saudi Arabia blocked a binding agreement to phase out fossil fuels. Organizers of the Santa Marta meeting want to create a space for practical and fair discussions on reducing the world''s use of coal, oil, and natural gas. They are focusing on the legal, economic, and social steps needed for such a change. Participants include countries that are most affected by climate change, such as Pacific Island developing states, as well as major fossil fuel producers like Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Norway. Germany, France, and other EU member states, along with the European Commission, are also sending representatives. However, the world''s largest coal, oil, and gas producers—including the United States, China, Saudi Arabia, and Russia—are not attending. The conference is described as a dialogue rather than a negotiation, and it is not expected to produce a treaty or binding promises. Supporters, including environmental groups like Greenpeace and the WWF, have called it a historic meeting of a new ''coalition of the willing.'' Cristian Retamal, Chile''s former UN climate negotiator, expressed hope that the talks could start a new global political movement, similar to how climate change became a UN-level issue in the 1990s. A spokesperson for the Dutch minister of climate and green growth stated that the focus is on taking action and doing concrete work, including a plan to end fossil fuel subsidies. Nikki Reisch, director of the climate and energy program at the Center for International Environmental Law, noted that the conference marks a turning point by making fossil fuels the main topic of discussion. Canada, the largest oil and gas producer at the meeting, is sending negotiators but no ministers. The Canadian federal government said it appreciates the effort to move the conversation forward and believes it has a valuable perspective as a major producer, while repeating its promise to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. However, official federal emissions estimates show that Canada''s oil and gas sector remains its biggest source of emissions. The conference is also addressing challenges related to the transition. Madeleine Wörner, a climate and energy expert at the German aid organization Misereor, warned that the talks will not act as a ''magic wand'' to solve all existing problems. She pointed out that major companies might seek compensation for lost profits under investor-state dispute settlement rules if fossil fuel facilities are closed early, which could lead to disputes between countries. Retamal acknowledged that it will likely take years to agree on a binding plan or treaty. The conference includes participation from civil society groups, academics, and private sector representatives for the first three days, with political representatives joining for the final two days.

Conclusion

The Santa Marta conference is not expected to produce a formal treaty, but it aims to encourage future meetings and negotiations. A second conference is already being planned, hosted by the Pacific Island nation of Tuvalu. This meeting represents an effort by a smaller group of willing countries to make practical progress on the challenge of moving away from fossil fuels, and it could form a powerful group to push the issue at future UN climate talks.

Vocabulary Learning

coalition of the willing
A group of countries or organizations that voluntarily join together to achieve a specific goal.自願聯盟,志願者聯盟
Example:Supporters have called the conference a historic meeting of a new 'coalition of the willing'.
net-zero emissions
A balance between the amount of greenhouse gases produced and the amount removed from the atmosphere.淨零排放
Example:Canada has repeated its promise to reach net-zero emissions by 2050.
phase out
To gradually stop using or providing something over a period of time.逐步淘汰,逐步停止使用
Example:The conference aims to create a binding agreement to phase out fossil fuels.
subsidies
Money given by a government to reduce the cost of producing goods or services, often to support a particular industry.補貼,資助
Example:The plan includes a proposal to end fossil fuel subsidies.
transition
The process or period of changing from one state or condition to another.過渡,轉變
Example:The conference is also addressing challenges related to the transition away from fossil fuels.

Sentence Learning

The conference, co-hosted by Colombia and the Netherlands, was created because many countries were frustrated by the lack of progress at the 2024 UN climate conference (COP).
Passive voice (was created) focuses on the conference, not who created it. The linking word 'because' shows cause and effect.被動語態(was created)將重點放在會議上,而非由誰創立。連接詞「because」顯示因果關係。
Participants include countries that are most affected by climate change, such as Pacific Island developing states, as well as major fossil fuel producers like Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Norway.
The relative clause 'that are most affected by climate change' defines which countries are included, making the idea clear and specific.關係子句「that are most affected by climate change」定義了包括哪些國家,使意思清晰具體。
The conference is described as a dialogue rather than a negotiation, and it is not expected to produce a treaty or binding promises.
Passive voice (is described, is not expected) creates a formal, objective tone. 'Rather than' shows contrast between 'dialogue' and 'negotiation'.被動語態(is described, is not expected)營造正式客觀的語氣。「rather than」顯示「對話」與「談判」之間的對比。
However, the world's largest coal, oil, and gas producers—including the United States, China, Saudi Arabia, and Russia—are not attending.
The linking word 'However' signals a contrast with the previous sentence, organizing the information logically.連接詞「However」標示與前一句的對比,有條理地組織資訊。
She pointed out that major companies might seek compensation for lost profits under investor-state dispute settlement rules if fossil fuel facilities are closed early, which could lead to disputes between countries.
The relative clause 'which could lead to disputes between countries' adds a consequence, linking the action (closing facilities) to a result. 'If' introduces a condition.關係子句「which could lead to disputes between countries」補充後果,將行動(關閉設施)與結果聯繫起來。「if」引入條件。
C2

Inaugural Conference on Fossil Fuel Transition Commences in Colombia with Coalition of Willing Nations

Introduction

Representatives from over 50 countries have convened in Santa Marta, Colombia, for the first-ever conference dedicated exclusively to planning a transition away from fossil fuels. The meeting, running from April 24 to 29, is being held outside the formal United Nations climate process.

Main Body

The conference, co-hosted by Colombia and the Netherlands, was organized in response to frustration over the lack of progress at the 2024 United Nations climate conference (COP), where a binding mandate to phase out fossil fuels was blocked by a coalition led by major petrostates including Russia and Saudi Arabia. Organizers aim to create a space for practical, equitable discussions on reducing global dependence on coal, oil, and natural gas, focusing on the legal, economic, and social measures required for such a transition. Participants include nations on the front lines of climate change, such as Pacific Island developing states, as well as major fossil fuel producers like Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Norway. Germany, France, and other EU member states, along with the European Commission, are also sending delegates. Notably absent are the world''s largest coal, oil, and gas producers, including the United States, China, Saudi Arabia, and Russia. The conference is framed as a dialogue rather than a negotiation and is not expected to produce a treaty or binding commitments. Supporters, including environmental organizations like Greenpeace and the WWF, have described it as a historic meeting of a new ''coalition of the willing.'' Cristian Retamal, Chile''s former UN climate negotiator, expressed hope that the talks could catalyze a new global political movement, similar to how climate change became a UN-level issue in the 1990s. A spokesperson for the Dutch minister of climate and green growth stated that the focus is on implementation and concrete work, including a plan to phase out fossil fuel subsidies. Nikki Reisch, director of the climate and energy program at the Center for International Environmental Law, noted that the conference marks a turning point by making fossil fuels the main subject of discussion. Canada, the largest oil and gas producer at the table, is sending negotiators but no ministers. The Canadian federal government stated it appreciates the effort to advance the conversation and has a valuable perspective as a major producer, while reiterating its commitment to net-zero emissions by 2050. However, official federal emissions estimates indicate that Canada''s oil and gas sector remains its highest-emitting sector. The conference also addresses challenges associated with the transition. Madeleine Wörner, a climate and energy expert at the German aid organization Misereor, cautioned that the talks will not act as a ''magic wand'' to resolve all accumulated problems. She noted that major corporations might seek compensation for lost profits under investor-state dispute settlement clauses if fossil fuel facilities are closed early, potentially leading to bilateral disputes. Retamal acknowledged that it will likely take years to agree on a binding roadmap or treaty. The conference includes participation from civil society groups, academics, and private sector representatives for the first three days, with political representatives joining for the final two days.

Conclusion

The Santa Marta conference is not expected to yield a formal treaty but aims to spur future meetings and negotiations. A second conference is already being planned, hosted by the Pacific Island nation of Tuvalu. The current meeting represents an effort by a smaller group of willing countries to make practical progress on the challenge of moving away from fossil fuels, potentially forming a powerful bloc to press the issue at future UN climate talks.

Vocabulary Learning

bloc
A group of countries, political parties, or people who have common interests and act together.具有共同利益並共同行動的國家、政黨或人群組成的集團。
Example:The current meeting could form a powerful bloc to press the issue at future UN climate talks.
catalyze
To cause or accelerate a significant change or action, often by providing a stimulus that triggers a process.引發或加速重大變化或行動,通常通過提供觸發某個過程的刺激因素。
Example:Cristian Retamal expressed hope that the talks could catalyze a new global political movement.
investor-state dispute settlement clauses
Legal provisions in international trade agreements that allow foreign investors to sue a host country for alleged discriminatory or expropriatory actions.國際貿易協定中的法律條款,允許外國投資者因涉嫌歧視性或徵用性行為起訴東道國。
Example:Major corporations might seek compensation for lost profits under investor-state dispute settlement clauses if fossil fuel facilities are closed early.
net-zero emissions
A state where the amount of greenhouse gases produced is balanced by an equivalent amount removed from the atmosphere, often through carbon offsetting or removal technologies.溫室氣體排放量與從大氣中移除的量達到平衡的狀態,通常通過碳抵消或移除技術實現。
Example:Canada reiterated its commitment to net-zero emissions by 2050.
petrostates
Countries whose economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and export of petroleum or natural gas.經濟嚴重依賴石油或天然氣開採和出口的國家。
Example:A binding mandate to phase out fossil fuels was blocked by a coalition led by major petrostates including Russia and Saudi Arabia.

Sentence Learning

The conference, co-hosted by Colombia and the Netherlands, was organized in response to frustration over the lack of progress at the 2024 United Nations climate conference (COP), where a binding mandate to phase out fossil fuels was blocked by a coalition led by major petrostates including Russia and Saudi Arabia.
Main clause: 'The conference was organized in response to frustration' with a reduced relative clause 'co-hosted by Colombia and the Netherlands' modifying the subject. A complex prepositional phrase 'over the lack of progress' is followed by a non-restrictive relative clause 'where a binding mandate...was blocked by a coalition led by major petrostates including Russia and Saudi Arabia', which itself contains a reduced relative clause 'led by major petrostates' and a gerund phrase 'including Russia and Saudi Arabia'. This sentence exhibits high lexical density and nested subordinate structures.主句為 'The conference was organized in response to frustration',主語帶有縮減關係從句 'co-hosted by Colombia and the Netherlands'。複雜介詞短語 'over the lack of progress' 後接非限制性關係從句 'where a binding mandate...was blocked by a coalition led by major petrostates including Russia and Saudi Arabia',該從句內又包含縮減關係從句 'led by major petrostates' 和動名詞短語 'including Russia and Saudi Arabia'。句子展現高詞彙密度和嵌套從句結構。
She noted that major corporations might seek compensation for lost profits under investor-state dispute settlement clauses if fossil fuel facilities are closed early, potentially leading to bilateral disputes.
Main clause: 'She noted' followed by a noun clause 'that major corporations might seek compensation...if fossil fuel facilities are closed early'. The noun clause contains a conditional clause 'if fossil fuel facilities are closed early' (Type 1 conditional with present tense in the if-clause and 'might' in the main clause). The participial phrase 'potentially leading to bilateral disputes' functions as a resultative adjunct, modifying the entire conditional scenario. This sentence demonstrates sophisticated conditional usage and non-finite clause attachment.主句為 'She noted',後接名詞從句 'that major corporations might seek compensation...if fossil fuel facilities are closed early'。名詞從句內含條件從句 'if fossil fuel facilities are closed early'(第一類條件句,if 從句用現在時,主句用 might)。分詞短語 'potentially leading to bilateral disputes' 作為結果狀語,修飾整個條件情境。句子展現了複雜條件句和非限定從句的運用。
Retamal acknowledged that it will likely take years to agree on a binding roadmap or treaty.
Main clause: 'Retamal acknowledged' followed by a noun clause 'that it will likely take years to agree on a binding roadmap or treaty'. The noun clause uses an anticipatory 'it' structure ('it will likely take years to agree'), where the logical subject is the infinitive phrase 'to agree on a binding roadmap or treaty'. The adverb 'likely' is inserted between the auxiliary 'will' and the main verb 'take', demonstrating mid-position adverbial placement. This sentence showcases the cleft-like 'it' structure and adverb positioning.主句為 'Retamal acknowledged',後接名詞從句 'that it will likely take years to agree on a binding roadmap or treaty'。名詞從句使用形式主語 'it' 結構('it will likely take years to agree'),邏輯主語為不定式短語 'to agree on a binding roadmap or treaty'。副詞 'likely' 插入助動詞 'will' 和主動詞 'take' 之間,體現中位副詞放置。句子展示了類似分裂句的 'it' 結構和副詞位置。
The current meeting represents an effort by a smaller group of willing countries to make practical progress on the challenge of moving away from fossil fuels, potentially forming a powerful bloc to press the issue at future UN climate talks.
Main clause: 'The current meeting represents an effort by a smaller group of willing countries to make practical progress on the challenge of moving away from fossil fuels'. The noun phrase 'an effort' is post-modified by a prepositional phrase 'by a smaller group of willing countries' and an infinitive of purpose 'to make practical progress on the challenge of moving away from fossil fuels', which itself contains a gerund phrase 'moving away from fossil fuels' as the object of the preposition 'of'. The participial phrase 'potentially forming a powerful bloc to press the issue at future UN climate talks' acts as a resultative adjunct, describing the potential outcome. This sentence exhibits high lexical density and multiple layers of nominal modification.主句為 'The current meeting represents an effort by a smaller group of willing countries to make practical progress on the challenge of moving away from fossil fuels'。名詞短語 'an effort' 後接介詞短語 'by a smaller group of willing countries' 和目的不定式 'to make practical progress on the challenge of moving away from fossil fuels',其中又包含動名詞短語 'moving away from fossil fuels' 作為介詞 'of' 的賓語。分詞短語 'potentially forming a powerful bloc to press the issue at future UN climate talks' 作為結果狀語,描述潛在結果。句子展現高詞彙密度和多層名詞修飾。
The conference, running from April 24 to 29, is being held outside the formal United Nations climate process.
Main clause: 'The conference is being held outside the formal United Nations climate process'. The subject 'The conference' is modified by a reduced relative clause 'running from April 24 to 29' (a present participial phrase replacing 'which is running from April 24 to 29'). The main verb is in the present continuous passive voice 'is being held', indicating an ongoing action. The prepositional phrase 'outside the formal United Nations climate process' provides locative information. This sentence demonstrates a reduced relative clause and the passive continuous aspect.主句為 'The conference is being held outside the formal United Nations climate process'。主語 'The conference' 由縮減關係從句 'running from April 24 to 29'(現在分詞短語替代 'which is running from April 24 to 29')修飾。主動詞為現在進行被動語態 'is being held',表示正在進行的動作。介詞短語 'outside the formal United Nations climate process' 提供地點信息。句子展示了縮減關係從句和被動進行體。