Tokyo Office Workers Can Now Wear Shorts

A2

Tokyo Office Workers Can Now Wear Shorts

Introduction

The Tokyo government made a new rule. Workers can now wear shorts to the office. This rule helps them use less air conditioning. Energy costs are high because of the war in the Middle East.

Main Body

The new rule is part of a plan called "Cool Biz." Japan started this plan in 2005. At first, workers did not wear neckties or jackets in summer. Some wore special shirts from Okinawa. Now, the rule is bigger. Workers can wear polo shirts, T-shirts, sneakers, and shorts. A Tokyo official said the war in the Middle East was one reason for the change. Last week, some male workers wore shorts and T-shirts. The leader of Tokyo, Yuriko Koike, started the Cool Biz plan 20 years ago. She likes the new rule. She said, "We have a serious problem with electricity." She also wants people to work from home and start work earlier. Last year was the hottest summer in Japan since 1898. The weather agency now has a name for very hot days. They call them "kokusho" or "cruelly hot" days. These are days when the temperature is 40 degrees or more.

Conclusion

The Tokyo government made a new dress code for its workers. They can wear shorts to use less air conditioning. The rule is because of high energy costs from the Middle East war and a very hot summer.

Vocabulary Learning

hot
Having a high temperature熱的
Example:Summer is very hot in Japan.
rule
An official instruction about what you can or cannot do規則
Example:The school has a rule about uniforms.
start
To begin something開始
Example:We start work at 9 o'clock.
wear
To have clothes on your body穿著
Example:I wear a shirt to work.
work
To do a job or task工作
Example:She works in an office.

Sentence Learning

The Tokyo government made a new rule.
This sentence uses the past simple tense 'made' to talk about a finished action.本句使用過去簡單式'made'來描述一個已完成的動作。
Workers can now wear shorts to the office.
The word 'can' shows ability or permission. 'Now' means at this time.單詞'can'表示能力或允許。'Now'的意思是現在。
This rule helps them use less air conditioning.
'Helps them use' means makes it easier for them to use. 'Less' means a smaller amount.'Helps them use'的意思是使他們更容易使用。'Less'的意思是更少的數量。
Energy costs are high because of the war in the Middle East.
'Because of' shows the reason for something. 'Are high' describes the present situation.'Because of'表示某事的原因。'Are high'描述現在的情況。
Last year was the hottest summer in Japan since 1898.
'The hottest' is a superlative adjective, meaning number one in heat. 'Since 1898' means from that year until now.'The hottest'是最高級形容詞,意思是熱度第一。'Since 1898'的意思是從那一年到現在。
B2

Tokyo Metropolitan Government Expands Cool Biz Initiative to Include Shorts Amid Energy Cost Concerns

Introduction

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has implemented an updated dress code policy permitting employees to wear shorts to the office, a measure intended to reduce reliance on air conditioning. This decision, announced on Friday, is partly motivated by rising energy costs associated with the ongoing conflict in the Middle East.

Main Body

The revised dress code represents an expansion of the existing ''Cool Biz'' campaign, an energy-conservation program originally introduced by Japan''s Ministry of the Environment in 2005. The earlier version encouraged office workers to stop wearing neckties and jackets during summer months, with some adopting Okinawan-style collared shirts. The current update, which took effect this month, allows for a wider range of clothing, including polo shirts, T-shirts, sneakers, and, depending on job duties, shorts. An unnamed Tokyo official stated that the potential energy supply disruption resulting from the Middle Eastern conflict was ''one of the factors'' influencing the policy change. Local media footage from earlier this week showed some male government employees already wearing shorts and T-shirts. Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike, who started the original Cool Biz campaign during her time as environmental minister two decades ago, has supported the new guidelines. In a statement to reporters earlier this month, Governor Koike cited ''a severe outlook for the supply and demand of electricity'' as a reason for encouraging comfortable attire. She further noted that the updated initiative also promotes increased teleworking and earlier start times for the workday. Separately, the Japan Meteorological Agency reported that the country experienced its hottest summer last year since record-keeping began in 1898. The agency recently introduced an official classification for days when temperatures reach 40 degrees Celsius or higher, calling them ''kokusho'' or ''cruelly hot'' days.

Conclusion

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has formally adopted a more relaxed dress code for its employees, permitting shorts as part of a broader strategy to decrease air conditioning usage. This policy is a direct response to elevated energy costs linked to the Middle East war and follows a summer of record-high temperatures in Japan.

Vocabulary Learning

classification
The act or process of putting people or things into groups based on their characteristics.分類、類別
Example:The Japan Meteorological Agency introduced a new official classification for days reaching 40 degrees Celsius.
disruption
A disturbance or problem that interrupts an event, activity, or process.中斷、干擾
Example:The official mentioned the potential energy supply disruption from the Middle East conflict as a factor in the policy change.
implemented
Put a decision, plan, or agreement into effect.實施、執行
Example:The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has implemented an updated dress code policy for its employees.
reliance
The state of depending on or trusting in something or someone.依賴、信賴
Example:The new dress code is intended to reduce the office's reliance on air conditioning.
severe
Very serious, intense, or harsh.嚴重的、嚴峻的
Example:Governor Koike cited a severe outlook for the supply and demand of electricity as a reason for the change.

Sentence Learning

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has implemented an updated dress code policy permitting employees to wear shorts to the office, a measure intended to reduce reliance on air conditioning.
Present perfect passive 'has been implemented' is used for formal reporting of a recent action. The phrase 'a measure intended to reduce...' is a noun phrase that explains the purpose of the policy.現在完成被動式 'has been implemented' 用於正式報導最近的行動。短語 'a measure intended to reduce...' 是一個名詞短語,解釋政策的目的。
The current update, which took effect this month, allows for a wider range of clothing, including polo shirts, T-shirts, sneakers, and, depending on job duties, shorts.
The non-defining relative clause 'which took effect this month' adds extra information about the update. 'Depending on job duties' is a participle phrase showing condition.非限制性關係從句 'which took effect this month' 為更新添加額外信息。'Depending on job duties' 是分詞短語,表示條件。
An unnamed Tokyo official stated that the potential energy supply disruption resulting from the Middle Eastern conflict was 'one of the factors' influencing the policy change.
Reported speech with 'stated that' introduces indirect information. The present participle phrase 'resulting from...' shows cause, and 'influencing...' is another participle phrase describing the factor.帶有 'stated that' 的間接引語引入間接信息。現在分詞短語 'resulting from...' 表示原因,而 'influencing...' 是另一個描述因素的分詞短語。
Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike, who started the original Cool Biz campaign during her time as environmental minister two decades ago, has supported the new guidelines.
A non-defining relative clause 'who started...' gives background information about the governor. This structure helps organize ideas by connecting a person's past action to their current position.非限制性關係從句 'who started...' 提供有關知事的背景信息。這種結構通過將一個人的過去行為與其當前立場聯繫起來,幫助組織想法。
The agency recently introduced an official classification for days when temperatures reach 40 degrees Celsius or higher, calling them 'kokusho' or 'cruelly hot' days.
The relative clause 'when temperatures reach...' specifies the type of days. The participle phrase 'calling them...' adds a definition, making the sentence more informative and logical.關係從句 'when temperatures reach...' 具體說明了是哪種日子。分詞短語 'calling them...' 添加了定義,使句子信息更豐富、邏輯更清晰。
C2

Tokyo Metropolitan Government Expands Cool Biz Initiative to Include Shorts Amid Energy Cost Concerns

Introduction

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has implemented an updated dress code policy permitting employees to wear shorts to the office, a measure intended to reduce reliance on air conditioning. This decision, announced on Friday, is partly motivated by rising energy costs associated with the ongoing conflict in the Middle East.

Main Body

The revised dress code represents an expansion of the existing ''Cool Biz'' campaign, an energy-conservation program originally introduced by Japan''s Ministry of the Environment in 2005. The earlier iteration encouraged office workers to forgo neckties and jackets during summer months, with some adopting Okinawan-style collared shirts. The current update, which took effect this month, allows for a broader range of attire, including polo shirts, T-shirts, sneakers, and, contingent on job responsibilities, shorts. An unnamed Tokyo official stated that the potential energy supply disruption resulting from the Middle Eastern conflict was ''one of the factors'' influencing the policy change. Local media footage from earlier this week showed some male government employees already wearing shorts and T-shirts. Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike, who initiated the original Cool Biz campaign during her tenure as environmental minister two decades ago, has endorsed the new guidelines. In a statement to reporters earlier this month, Governor Koike cited ''a severe outlook for the supply and demand of electricity'' as a rationale for encouraging comfortable attire. She further noted that the updated initiative also promotes increased teleworking and earlier start times for the workday. Separately, the Japan Meteorological Agency reported that the country experienced its hottest summer last year since record-keeping began in 1898. The agency recently introduced an official classification for days when temperatures reach 40 degrees Celsius or higher, designating them as ''kokusho'' or ''cruelly hot'' days.

Conclusion

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has formally adopted a more relaxed dress code for its employees, permitting shorts as part of a broader strategy to decrease air conditioning usage. This policy is a direct response to elevated energy costs linked to the Middle East war and follows a summer of record-high temperatures in Japan.

Vocabulary Learning

contingent on
Dependent on; conditional upon a specific circumstance or factor.視乎;取決於
Example:The updated dress code allows for shorts, contingent on job responsibilities, meaning not all roles permit them.
endorsed
To have publicly declared support or approval for a policy, idea, or product.公開支持;認可
Example:Governor Koike, who initiated the original Cool Biz campaign, has endorsed the new guidelines encouraging comfortable attire.
forgo
To voluntarily refrain from or give up something, especially a customary practice or item.放棄;摒棄(尤指慣常做法或物品)
Example:The original Cool Biz campaign encouraged office workers to forgo neckties and jackets during summer months.
iteration
A version or instance of something, especially a repeated process or sequence of changes.版本;迭代(指反覆過程中的一次)
Example:The earlier iteration of the Cool Biz campaign encouraged workers to forgo neckties and jackets, while the current update allows shorts and sneakers.
rationale
The fundamental reasoning or logical basis for a decision or action.根本理由;邏輯依據
Example:Governor Koike cited a severe outlook for electricity supply and demand as a rationale for encouraging comfortable attire.

Sentence Learning

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has implemented an updated dress code policy permitting employees to wear shorts to the office, a measure intended to reduce reliance on air conditioning.
Main clause: 'The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has implemented an updated dress code policy' (present perfect tense). Reduced relative clause: 'permitting employees to wear shorts to the office' (participle phrase modifying 'policy'). Appositive noun phrase: 'a measure intended to reduce reliance on air conditioning' (renaming and explaining the policy, with a past participle 'intended').主要子句:「The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has implemented an updated dress code policy」(現在完成式)。縮減關係子句:「permitting employees to wear shorts to the office」(分詞片語修飾「policy」)。同位語名詞片語:「a measure intended to reduce reliance on air conditioning」(重新指稱並解釋該政策,內含過去分詞「intended」)。
The earlier iteration encouraged office workers to forgo neckties and jackets during summer months, with some adopting Okinawan-style collared shirts.
Main clause: 'The earlier iteration encouraged office workers to forgo neckties and jackets' (simple past tense with infinitive complement). Absolute construction: 'with some adopting Okinawan-style collared shirts' (a 'with' + noun + present participle structure, adding descriptive detail without a finite verb).主要子句:「The earlier iteration encouraged office workers to forgo neckties and jackets」(簡單過去式,帶不定詞補語)。獨立結構:「with some adopting Okinawan-style collared shirts」(「with」+ 名詞 + 現在分詞結構,以非限定動詞形式添加描述細節)。
The current update, which took effect this month, allows for a broader range of attire, including polo shirts, T-shirts, sneakers, and, contingent on job responsibilities, shorts.
Main clause: 'The current update allows for a broader range of attire' (simple present tense). Non-restrictive relative clause: 'which took effect this month' (set off by commas, providing additional information). Parenthetical adverbial phrase: 'contingent on job responsibilities' (interrupting the list to specify a condition).主要子句:「The current update allows for a broader range of attire」(簡單現在式)。非限制性關係子句:「which took effect this month」(以逗號分隔,提供補充資訊)。插入式副詞片語:「contingent on job responsibilities」(打斷列舉以指定條件)。
Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike, who initiated the original Cool Biz campaign during her tenure as environmental minister two decades ago, has endorsed the new guidelines.
Main clause: 'Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike has endorsed the new guidelines' (present perfect tense). Non-restrictive relative clause: 'who initiated the original Cool Biz campaign during her tenure as environmental minister two decades ago' (providing background about the subject, set off by commas).主要子句:「Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike has endorsed the new guidelines」(現在完成式)。非限制性關係子句:「who initiated the original Cool Biz campaign during her tenure as environmental minister two decades ago」(提供主詞的背景資訊,以逗號分隔)。
In a statement to reporters earlier this month, Governor Koike cited 'a severe outlook for the supply and demand of electricity' as a rationale for encouraging comfortable attire.
Main clause: 'Governor Koike cited 'a severe outlook for the supply and demand of electricity' as a rationale' (simple past tense). Prepositional phrase fronting: 'In a statement to reporters earlier this month' (placed at the beginning for emphasis and temporal setting). Infinitive phrase: 'for encouraging comfortable attire' (acting as an adverbial modifier explaining the purpose of the rationale).主要子句:「Governor Koike cited 'a severe outlook for the supply and demand of electricity' as a rationale」(簡單過去式)。介詞片語前置:「In a statement to reporters earlier this month」(置於句首以強調時間背景)。不定詞片語:「for encouraging comfortable attire」(作為副詞修飾語,解釋該理由的目的)。