US weapons stockpiles heavily used after 38-day campaign against Iran, raising concerns about readiness in other regions

Introduction

The United States military used large amounts of advanced weapons during its 38-day campaign against Iran, which started on February 28 and was followed by a ceasefire. Internal Pentagon estimates and congressional sources indicate that supplies of several important missile systems have been reduced to levels that may affect the military''s ability to respond to possible conflicts in other areas, especially the Indo-Pacific.

Main Body

According to internal Defense Department estimates and congressional officials cited in multiple reports, the US used about 1,100 Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile-Extended Range (JASSM-ER) stealth cruise missiles, each costing roughly $1.1 million, leaving an estimated 1,500 remaining. More than 1,000 Tomahawk cruise missiles, priced at about $3.6 million each, were also fired—about ten times the yearly production rate. The Pentagon deployed over 1,200 Patriot interceptor missiles, each costing more than $4 million, and more than 1,000 Precision Strike and ATACMS ground-based missiles. A study by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) estimated that the Tomahawk stockpile now stands at around 3,000 missiles, a level considered not enough for a major conflict in the Western Pacific. The strain on air-defense systems is especially serious: the US produced roughly 600 Patriot interceptors in all of 2025, yet used more than double that number in the campaign. The overall financial cost of the conflict has been estimated by two independent groups—the American Enterprise Institute and CSIS—at between $28 billion and $35 billion, with $5.6 billion used in the first 48 hours alone. As a result of the depletion of weapons, the Pentagon has been forced to move weapons and personnel from other regional commands. In Europe, the loss of surveillance and attack drones has been described as a serious problem, affecting NATO''s eastern flank and the ability to deter Russian aggression. Furthermore, in Asia, the USS Abraham Lincoln carrier strike group was sent from the South China Sea to the Middle East before the conflict began, and two Marine Expeditionary Units totaling about 4,400 personnel were moved from the Pacific. For the first time, interceptor missiles from the Terminal High Altitude Area Defence (THAAD) system stationed in South Korea—originally deployed to counter North Korean missile threats—have been redirected to the Middle East. Admiral Samuel Paparo, head of US Indo-Pacific Command, admitted during a Senate hearing that “there are limited supplies” but stated that ongoing operations have not imposed a real cost on deterrence against China. White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said the claims of shortfalls were false, stating that “the entire premise of this story is false” and that the US military remains “fully loaded with more than enough weapons and munitions.” Pentagon spokesperson Sean Parnell declined to comment on specific theater requirements, citing operational security. However, analysts and some lawmakers have expressed concern about the time needed to rebuild stockpiles. Senator Jack Reed (D-RI) noted that “at current production rates, rebuilding what we have used could take years.” Retired Marine Corps Colonel Mark Cancian of CSIS observed that “some critical ground-attack and missile-defense weapons were short before the war and are even shorter now.” A CSIS report warned that high expenditure rates have created “a window of increased risk in the western Pacific.” The Pentagon has not yet started expanded production, despite having secured seven-year agreements in January with major defense contractors such as Lockheed Martin to quadruple output of precision-guided munitions and THAAD interceptors. Officials stated that no expanded production has begun because the funding—reportedly a $200 billion supplemental appropriations request—is still awaiting congressional approval. Separately, the conflict has also caused unexpected costs from destroyed aircraft, including two MC-130 cargo planes and three MH-6 helicopters, estimated at about $275 million. Broader economic effects include a rapid increase in US gasoline prices as the conflict threatened the Strait of Hormuz, through which about 20% of the world''s daily oil supply passes.

Conclusion

The US military campaign against Iran has resulted in a significant reduction of advanced weapons, especially long-range strike missiles and air-defense interceptors. While the White House maintains that stockpiles remain sufficient for all operational needs, independent analysts and internal estimates indicate that rebuilding supplies to pre-war levels could take years, possibly creating a period of reduced readiness in other strategic regions, particularly the Indo-Pacific. The Pentagon is waiting for congressional funding to start expanded production, and the duration of any future conflict or renewed operations against Iran would further affect the balance between immediate needs and long-term ability to prevent conflict.

Vocabulary Learning

depletion
The reduction in the quantity or supply of something, especially resources.消耗;減少,尤指資源的數量或供應的減少。
Example:As a result of the depletion of weapons, the Pentagon has been forced to move weapons and personnel from other regional commands.
deterrence
The act of discouraging an action, especially military aggression, by instilling fear of consequences.威懾;通過讓對方害怕後果來阻止其行動,尤其是軍事侵略。
Example:The loss of surveillance and attack drones has been described as a serious problem, affecting NATO's eastern flank and the ability to deter Russian aggression.
quadruple
To increase something by four times.使增加四倍。
Example:The Pentagon has secured seven-year agreements with major defense contractors to quadruple output of precision-guided munitions.
shortfall
A deficiency or lack of something that is expected or needed.不足;短缺,指預期或需要的東西不足。
Example:White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said the claims of shortfalls were false.
stand at
To be at a particular level or amount, often used for statistics or stock levels.處於某個水平或數量,常用於統計或庫存水平。
Example:The Tomahawk stockpile now stands at around 3,000 missiles.

Sentence Learning

The United States military used large amounts of advanced weapons during its 38-day campaign against Iran, which started on February 28 and was followed by a ceasefire.
Relative clause 'which started...' adds extra information about the campaign; passive 'was followed' shifts focus to the ceasefire.關係子句「which started...」補充說明戰役;被動語態「was followed」將焦點轉移到停火。
Internal Pentagon estimates and congressional sources indicate that supplies of several important missile systems have been reduced to levels that may affect the military's ability to respond to possible conflicts in other areas, especially the Indo-Pacific.
Relative clause 'that may affect' defines the levels; passive 'have been reduced' emphasizes the action on supplies.關係子句「that may affect」界定「levels」;被動語態「have been reduced」強調庫存被削減的事實。
A study by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) estimated that the Tomahawk stockpile now stands at around 3,000 missiles, a level considered not enough for a major conflict in the Western Pacific.
Passive 'considered' (reduced relative clause) modifies 'level', making the sentence concise and formal.被動語態「considered」(省略關係代名詞的關係子句)修飾「level」,使句子簡潔正式。
As a result of the depletion of weapons, the Pentagon has been forced to move weapons and personnel from other regional commands.
Linking phrase 'As a result of' shows cause-effect; passive 'has been forced' highlights the Pentagon's lack of choice.連接詞組「As a result of」表示因果關係;被動語態「has been forced」凸顯五角大樓別無選擇。
The Pentagon has not yet started expanded production, despite having secured seven-year agreements in January with major defense contractors such as Lockheed Martin to quadruple output of precision-guided munitions and THAAD interceptors.
Linking word 'despite' introduces contrast between not starting production and having secured agreements.連接詞「despite」引出對比:尚未開始增產,但已簽訂協議。