Trump Makes New Rules for Some Drugs and Fights Others

A2

Trump Makes New Rules for Some Drugs and Fights Others

Introduction

On April 18, 2025, President Trump signed an order to make psychedelic drugs easier to approve. In December 2024, he ordered to change the rules for medical marijuana. At the same time, his government is fighting fentanyl very hard and cutting money for programs that help people with drug problems.

Main Body

The new rules let medical marijuana move to a less strict category. This means scientists can study it more easily. In Colorado, state-licensed growers can now give cannabis to researchers. This helps them study if it can help with anxiety or pain. Also, the government gave special vouchers to speed up approval for psychedelic drugs. One company's stock price went up a lot. But the government also did other things. It stopped giving money to programs that give clean needles or naloxone to stop overdoses. It cut many jobs at a health agency. It called fentanyl a weapon of mass destruction. This lets the military help stop it. It made new laws with long prison sentences for having fentanyl. It also attacked drug boats in the sea. Some people say the new rules are good progress. Others say the government is making the drug war worse. Some say the government uses fentanyl as a reason to use the military. Others say the government is too easy with marijuana and psychedelics. The government also plans to cut money for Medicaid and food help. This makes it harder for people to recover. No president since Nixon has made drugs easier to get like this. But also no president has used the military so much for drugs. The future is not clear. If the rules stay, more research can happen. But the changes only cover drugs that people like. It is not a big change for all drugs.

Conclusion

So, the Trump government has two different drug policies. It makes marijuana and psychedelics easier to use for medicine. But it fights fentanyl very hard and cuts help for people with addiction. This creates a confusing situation. What happens next depends on new rules and public support.

Vocabulary Learning

approve (v.)
allow / to say that something is okay or acceptable批准;同意
Example:The government will approve the use of psychedelic drugs for medical research.
change (n.)
difference / when something becomes different改變;變化
Example:The change in rules lets medical marijuana move to a less strict category.
government (n.)
the group of people who control a country政府
Example:The government is fighting fentanyl very hard.
help (v.)
assist / to make something easier or better for someone幫助
Example:Scientists study if marijuana can help with anxiety or pain.
rules (n.)
regulations / instructions that tell you what you can or cannot do規則;規定
Example:The new rules make it easier for scientists to study marijuana.

Sentence Learning

On April 18, 2025, President Trump signed an order to make psychedelic drugs easier to approve.
Time Marker: This sentence uses a time marker 'On April 18, 2025' to tell when the action happened.這個句子使用時間標記 '2025年4月18日' 來說明動作發生的時間。
In Colorado, state-licensed growers can now give cannabis to researchers.
Prepositional Phrase: The phrase 'In Colorado' tells us where the action happens.片語 '在科羅拉多州' 告訴我們動作發生的地點。
But the government also did other things.
Connector: The word 'But' connects this sentence to the previous one, showing a contrast.單詞 '但是' 將此句與前一句連接,表示對比。
It cut many jobs at a health agency.
Prepositional Phrase: The phrase 'at a health agency' tells us where the jobs were cut.片語 '在一個健康機構' 告訴我們工作被裁減的地點。
If the rules stay, more research can happen.
Connector: The word 'If' introduces a condition for the result.單詞 '如果' 引入一個條件來表示結果。
B2

Trump Administration Creates Conflicting Drug Policies: Looser Rules for Cannabis and Psychedelics, but Tougher Enforcement on Fentanyl and Cuts to Harm Reduction

Introduction

On April 18, 2025, President Donald Trump signed an order to speed up approval for psychedelic drugs. This followed a December 2024 order to reclassify cannabis to a less strict category (Schedule III). These are the biggest changes to federal drug rules since the war on drugs began in 1971. At the same time, the administration has increased enforcement against fentanyl, called it a weapon of mass destruction, and cut funding for harm reduction programs and addiction treatment.

Main Body

In December 2024, an executive order instructed the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) to finish moving medical marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III, a change that was later put into effect. The April 2025 order for psychedelics, specifically drugs like psilocybin and LSD derivatives, included three special vouchers from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that shorten the review time from months to weeks. Companies studying psilocybin for depression and methylone for PTSD received these vouchers. The stock price of Compass Pathways, a synthetic psilocybin maker, rose by 42 percent after the announcement. These actions are different from past administrations: Jimmy Carter's attempt to decriminalize in 1977 was blocked by Congress; Barack Obama's memos reduced federal enforcement but did not reclassify cannabis; and Joe Biden's reclassification effort stalled in legal challenges before he left office. The reclassification of medical marijuana only applies to FDA-approved products and state-licensed medical marijuana businesses, not recreational cannabis. This change has major implications for research, especially in Colorado, where medical marijuana has been legal since 2001. Shannon Donnelly, a professor at Metropolitan State University of Denver, noted that the federal government had previously limited researchers to a single federally licensed source for cannabis. Under the new rules, state-licensed medical marijuana growers in Colorado can supply research-grade cannabis directly to scientists. This expanded access allows investigation into specific cannabinoids and terpenes for conditions such as anxiety, insomnia, and cancer. The Institute of Cannabis Research, a state-funded organization, can now pursue a wider range of studies. Donnelly stated that the reclassification effectively signals federal recognition of medical claims made by consumers. At the same time, the administration has pursued a very different set of policies. In July 2025, an executive order banned federal grants for harm reduction programs, including syringe services and naloxone distribution. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) lost about half its staff, and the team that conducts the National Survey on Drug Use and Health was eliminated. The Department of Health and Human Services cut roughly $2 billion in SAMHSA grants before reversing course after opposition from both parties. Illicit fentanyl was designated as a Weapon of Mass Destruction, which brought military and intelligence agencies into enforcement. The HALT Fentanyl Act imposed 10-year mandatory minimum sentences for possessing 100 grams or more. Military strikes were authorized on suspected drug boats in the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific. Overdose deaths had been declining—87,000 in the 12 months ending September 2024—a trend that started before these cuts and reflects earlier public health investments. Different views on this policy contradiction were expressed. Jeffrey Singer, a physician and drug-policy analyst, stated that while the reclassification and psychedelics orders represent real progress, the administration is also intensifying the war on drugs, including targeting traffickers at sea. He noted that from a libertarian viewpoint, the government should not fund harm reduction but should not block private efforts either. Maritza Perez Medina of the Drug Policy Alliance argued that the contradiction is intentional, saying the administration uses fentanyl as an excuse for military escalation while cutting access to lifesaving care. Kevin Sabet of Smart Approaches to Marijuana criticized the permissiveness, stating that policy is being influenced by podcasters and active addicts. Dimitri Mugianis and Ross Ellenhorn of Cardea warned that the administration's tax and spending plans would cut over $1 trillion from Medicaid and food assistance, undermining recovery resources. The selective nature of the policy is historically notable. No president since Richard Nixon has moved so far to make controlled substances accessible, yet the administration has also adopted the most militarized enforcement posture in modern history. Singer noted that previous federal retreats, such as Carter's decriminalization attempt and Obama's Ogden memo, were limited compared to formal reclassification. The political calculation seems to reflect public opinion: support for marijuana legalization has risen from 23 percent in 1985 to 64 percent currently, according to Gallup. Psychedelics are associated with treating PTSD and are viewed favorably. Singer pointed out that many drugs classified as 'hard' are already used medically, and that prohibition often leads to more dangerous black-market products. Jeffrey Miron, a Harvard economist, argued that legalization would not dramatically increase use but would make use safer through regulation. The future direction remains uncertain. If the DEA finalizes the Schedule III rule and the FDA approves at least one psychedelic by late 2027, the administration will have opened a door that predecessors only discussed. However, the window appears limited to politically popular substances. Miron emphasized that execution matters more than rhetoric, and that Trump's orders were directives rather than requests for review. The real test is whether cannabis and psychedelics become a proof of concept for broader reform, or remain a narrow exception.

Conclusion

The current drug policy under the Trump administration is a mix of permissiveness for cannabis and psychedelics and military-style enforcement for fentanyl, along with cuts to harm reduction and addiction treatment. While the reclassification of medical marijuana has opened new research opportunities in states like Colorado, the simultaneous reduction of public health programs and increase in enforcement creates a contradictory situation. The long-term effects will depend on future regulatory decisions and whether this selective approach leads to broader reform or stays limited to substances with public support.

Vocabulary Learning

decriminalize (v.)
make something no longer illegal / to remove criminal penalties for an action非刑事化;合法化(但非完全合法)
Example:Jimmy Carter's attempt to decriminalize in 1977 was blocked by Congress.
enforcement (n.)
the act of making sure laws are obeyed / implementation of rules執行;實施(法律)
Example:The administration has increased enforcement against fentanyl.
mandatory (adj.)
required by law or rule / compulsory強制性的;必須的
Example:The HALT Fentanyl Act imposed 10-year mandatory minimum sentences.
psychedelic (adj.)
relating to drugs that affect perception and mood / describing substances that alter mental state迷幻的;致幻的
Example:In April 2025, Trump signed an order to speed up approval for psychedelic drugs.
reclassify (v.)
change the classification of / to put something into a different category重新分類;重新歸類
Example:The December 2024 order aimed to reclassify cannabis to a less strict category.

Sentence Learning

The April 2025 order for psychedelics, specifically drugs like psilocybin and LSD derivatives, included three special vouchers from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that shorten the review time from months to weeks.
Relative clause with 'that' The clause 'that shorten the review time' defines the vouchers, specifying their function. It helps organize the idea by adding essential information about the vouchers without starting a new sentence.關係從句 'that' 從句 'that shorten the review time' 定義了這些憑證,說明了它們的功能。這有助於組織想法,在無需另起新句的情況下添加關於憑證的關鍵信息。
Illicit fentanyl was designated as a Weapon of Mass Destruction, which brought military and intelligence agencies into enforcement.
Passive voice + non-defining relative clause 'was designated' is passive, focusing on the action rather than the doer. The clause 'which brought...' adds extra information about the result, using a comma to separate it.被動語態 + 非限制性關係從句 'was designated' 是被動語態,強調動作而非施動者。從句 'which brought...' 添加關於結果的額外信息,並用逗號分隔。
Overdose deaths had been declining—87,000 in the 12 months ending September 2024—a trend that started before these cuts and reflects earlier public health investments.
Relative clause with 'that' and parenthetical dash The clause 'that started...' defines 'a trend', linking the decline to previous investments. The dashes set off a specific statistic, making the sentence clearer.關係從句 'that' 及破折號插入語 從句 'that started...' 定義了 'a trend',將下降與先前的投資聯繫起來。破折號分隔出具體統計數字,使句子更清晰。
While the reclassification of medical marijuana has opened new research opportunities in states like Colorado, the simultaneous reduction of public health programs and increase in enforcement creates a contradictory situation.
Linking word 'While' for contrast 'While' introduces a contrasting idea: the positive reclassification versus the negative cuts. This structure clearly shows the contradiction between two policies.連接詞 'While' 表示對比 'While' 引入一個對比觀點:正面的重新分類與負面的削減。這種結構清楚顯示了兩項政策之間的矛盾。
No president since Richard Nixon has moved so far to make controlled substances accessible, yet the administration has also adopted the most militarized enforcement posture in modern history.
Linking word 'yet' for contrast 'Yet' connects two opposing facts: unprecedented permissiveness and extreme enforcement. It highlights the irony and contradiction in the policy.連接詞 'yet' 表示對比 'Yet' 連接兩個相反的事實:前所未有的寬容與極端的執法。它突出了政策中的諷刺和矛盾。
C2

Trump Administration Enacts Divergent Drug Policies: Permissive Rescheduling of Cannabis and Psychedelics Coincides with Militarized Enforcement and Reductions in Harm Reduction Funding

Introduction

On April 18, 2025, President Donald Trump signed an executive order to expedite the approval process for psychedelic drugs, following a December 2024 directive to reschedule cannabis to Schedule III. These actions represent the most significant federal liberalization of controlled substances since the initiation of the war on drugs in 1971. Concurrently, the administration has intensified enforcement against fentanyl, designated it as a weapon of mass destruction, and reduced funding for harm reduction programs and addiction treatment infrastructure.

Main Body

The December 2024 executive order instructed the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) to complete rulemaking for moving medical marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III, a change that was subsequently enacted. The April 2025 order for psychedelics, specifically serotonin 2a agonists such as psilocybin and LSD derivatives, included the issuance of three Commissioner's National Priority Vouchers by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which collapse the standard review timeline from months to weeks. Companies studying psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression and methylone for post-traumatic stress disorder received these vouchers. The stock price of Compass Pathways, a synthetic psilocybin manufacturer, increased by 42 percent following the announcement. These moves contrast with prior administrations: Jimmy Carter's decriminalization attempt in 1977 was blocked by Congress; Barack Obama's memos deprioritized federal enforcement but did not reschedule cannabis; and Joe Biden's rescheduling initiative stalled in administrative litigation before leaving office. The rescheduling of medical marijuana applies exclusively to FDA-approved products and state-licensed medical marijuana businesses, excluding recreational cannabis. This change has significant implications for research, particularly in Colorado, where medical marijuana has been legal since 2001. Shannon Donnelly, a professor at Metropolitan State University of Denver, noted that the federal government had previously limited researchers to a single federally licensed source for cannabis. Under the new rules, state-licensed medical marijuana cultivators in Colorado may supply research-grade cannabis directly to scientists. This expanded access allows investigation into specific cannabinoids and terpenes for conditions such as anxiety, insomnia, and cancer. The Institute of Cannabis Research, a state-funded organization, can now pursue a broader scope of studies. Donnelly stated that the rescheduling effectively signals federal acknowledgment of medical claims made by consumers. Simultaneously, the administration has pursued a contrasting set of policies. In July 2025, an executive order barred federal grants for harm reduction programs, including syringe services and naloxone distribution. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) lost approximately half its staff, and the National Survey on Drug Use and Health team was eliminated. The Department of Health and Human Services terminated roughly $2 billion in SAMHSA grants before reversing course after bipartisan opposition. Illicit fentanyl was designated as a Weapon of Mass Destruction, triggering military and intelligence involvement in enforcement. The HALT Fentanyl Act imposed 10-year mandatory minimum sentences for possession of 100 grams or more. Military strikes were authorized on suspected drug vessels in the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific. Overdose deaths had been declining—87,000 in the 12 months ending September 2024—a trend predating these cuts and reflecting prior public health investments. Differing perspectives on this policy contradiction were expressed. Jeffrey Singer, a physician and drug-policy analyst, stated that while the rescheduling and psychedelics orders represent genuine progress, the administration is simultaneously intensifying the war on drugs, including targeting traffickers at sea. He noted that from a libertarian viewpoint, government should not fund harm reduction but should not obstruct private provision either. Maritza Perez Medina of the Drug Policy Alliance characterized the contradiction as deliberate, arguing that the administration uses fentanyl as a pretext for military escalation while cutting access to lifesaving care. Kevin Sabet of Smart Approaches to Marijuana criticized the permissiveness, stating that the policy is being dictated by podcasters and active addicts. Dimitri Mugianis and Ross Ellenhorn of Cardea warned that the administration's tax and spending legislation would cut over $1 trillion from Medicaid and food assistance, undermining recovery capital. The selective nature of the policy is historically notable. No president since Richard Nixon has moved so far on making controlled substances accessible, yet the administration has simultaneously adopted the most militarized enforcement posture in modern history. Singer noted that previous federal retreats, such as Carter's decriminalization attempt and Obama's Ogden memo, were limited compared to formal rescheduling. The political calculus appears to reflect public opinion: support for marijuana legalization has risen from 23 percent in 1985 to 64 percent currently, according to Gallup. Psychedelics are associated with treating PTSD and are viewed favorably. Singer pointed out that many drugs classified as 'hard' are already used medically, and that prohibition often leads to more dangerous black-market products. Jeffrey Miron, a Harvard economist, argued that legalization would not dramatically increase use but would make use safer through regulation. The future trajectory remains uncertain. If the DEA finalizes the Schedule III rule and the FDA approves at least one psychedelic by late 2027, the administration will have opened a door that predecessors only discussed. However, the window appears limited to politically palatable substances. Miron emphasized that execution matters more than rhetoric, and that Trump's orders were directives rather than requests for review. The real test is whether cannabis and psychedelics become a proof of concept for broader reform, or remain a narrow carve-out.

Conclusion

The current drug policy under the Trump administration is characterized by a paradoxical combination of permissiveness for cannabis and psychedelics and militarized enforcement for fentanyl, alongside reductions in harm reduction and addiction treatment funding. While the rescheduling of medical marijuana has opened new research pathways in states like Colorado, the simultaneous dismantling of public health infrastructure and escalation of enforcement actions create a contradictory landscape. The long-term implications depend on subsequent regulatory decisions and whether the administration's selective approach leads to broader reform or remains confined to substances with public support.

Vocabulary Learning

concurrently (adv.)
at the same time; simultaneously同時地
Example:Concurrently, the administration intensified enforcement against fentanyl.
dismantling (n.)
the act of taking apart or ending a system or structure拆除;瓦解
Example:The dismantling of harm reduction programs threatens public health.
expedite (v.)
to make a process happen more quickly加快;加速
Example:The executive order was designed to expedite the approval process for psychedelic drugs.
paradoxical (adj.)
seemingly contradictory but possibly true矛盾的;似是而非的
Example:The administration's drug policy is paradoxical, combining permissiveness with militarized enforcement.
permissive (adj.)
allowing or characterized by great freedom of behavior寬容的;許可的
Example:The permissive rescheduling of cannabis marked a significant shift in federal policy.

Sentence Learning

The April 2025 order for psychedelics, specifically serotonin 2a agonists such as psilocybin and LSD derivatives, included the issuance of three Commissioner's National Priority Vouchers by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which collapse the standard review timeline from months to weeks.
Non-restrictive relative clause + Parenthetical insertion: The sentence contains a non-restrictive relative clause ('which collapse the standard review timeline from months to weeks') that provides additional information about the vouchers, and a parenthetical insertion ('specifically serotonin 2a agonists such as psilocybin and LSD derivatives') that elaborates on the psychedelics. This structure adds complexity by embedding extra details without disrupting the main clause.非限制性關係從句 + 插入語:句子包含一個非限制性關係從句(「which collapse the standard review timeline from months to weeks」),為代金券提供補充信息;以及一個插入語(「specifically serotonin 2a agonists such as psilocybin and LSD derivatives」),詳細說明迷幻藥的種類。這種結構通過嵌入額外細節而不中斷主句,增加了句子的複雜性。
These moves contrast with prior administrations: Jimmy Carter's decriminalization attempt in 1977 was blocked by Congress; Barack Obama's memos deprioritized federal enforcement but did not reschedule cannabis; and Joe Biden's rescheduling initiative stalled in administrative litigation before leaving office.
Parallel structure with semicolons + Passive voice: The sentence uses a colon followed by three parallel clauses separated by semicolons, each describing a different administration's policy. The first clause uses passive voice ('was blocked by Congress'), while the others use active voice with contrasting conjunctions ('but') and temporal phrases ('before leaving office'). This parallel structure creates a rhythmic, comparative list that requires careful parsing.並列結構搭配分號 + 被動語態:句子使用冒號後接三個由分號分隔的並列從句,分別描述不同政府的政策。第一個從句使用被動語態(「was blocked by Congress」),其餘從句則使用主動語態,並包含對比連詞(「but」)和時間短語(「before leaving office」)。這種並列結構營造出節奏感強、具有對比性的列舉,需要仔細分析。
Overdose deaths had been declining—87,000 in the 12 months ending September 2024—a trend predating these cuts and reflecting prior public health investments.
Appositive with dashes + Participial phrases: The sentence features an appositive set off by dashes ('87,000 in the 12 months ending September 2024') that specifies the number of deaths, followed by a noun phrase ('a trend') modified by two participial phrases ('predating these cuts' and 'reflecting prior public health investments'). This structure packs multiple pieces of information into a single sentence using non-finite clauses.破折號插入的同位語 + 分詞短語:句子包含一個由破折號分隔的同位語(「87,000 in the 12 months ending September 2024」),具體說明死亡人數;隨後是一個名詞短語(「a trend」),由兩個分詞短語(「predating these cuts」和「reflecting prior public health investments」)修飾。這種結構利用非限定從句將多項信息壓縮在一個句子中。
Maritza Perez Medina of the Drug Policy Alliance characterized the contradiction as deliberate, arguing that the administration uses fentanyl as a pretext for military escalation while cutting access to lifesaving care.
Participial phrase with that-clause + Adverbial clause: The main clause is followed by a participial phrase ('arguing that...') that contains a that-clause ('the administration uses fentanyl as a pretext...'). Within that that-clause, there is an adverbial clause of time ('while cutting access to lifesaving care') using a reduced form (present participle). This layering of subordinate structures demonstrates high syntactic complexity.分詞短語搭配that從句 + 狀語從句:主句後接一個分詞短語(「arguing that...」),其中包含一個that從句(「the administration uses fentanyl as a pretext...」)。在該that從句內,又有一個時間狀語從句(「while cutting access to lifesaving care」),使用縮減形式(現在分詞)。這種從句的層層嵌套展現了高度的句法複雜性。
If the DEA finalizes the Schedule III rule and the FDA approves at least one psychedelic by late 2027, the administration will have opened a door that predecessors only discussed.
Conditional sentence (Type 1) with future perfect + Relative clause: The sentence uses a conditional structure with 'if' (present tense in the condition) and a future perfect main clause ('will have opened') to describe a future outcome dependent on two coordinated conditions. The main clause contains a restrictive relative clause ('that predecessors only discussed') modifying 'door'. The future perfect tense emphasizes the completion of the action before a certain future point.條件句(第一類)搭配將來完成時 + 關係從句:句子使用「if」引導的條件結構(條件句用現在時)和將來完成時主句(「will have opened」),描述取決於兩個並列條件的未來結果。主句中包含一個限制性關係從句(「that predecessors only discussed」),修飾「door」。將來完成時強調在某個未來時間點之前動作的完成。