Nepal Government Removes People from River Banks

A2

Nepal Government Removes People from River Banks

Introduction

On April 25, 2025, the government of Nepal started to remove houses near rivers in Kathmandu. The leader, Prime Minister Balendra Shah, tried to do this before. This time, no one was hurt. But people have different feelings about it.

Main Body

The government tried to remove houses before, in 2022. Then, people fought and 36 people got hurt. Now, the Prime Minister has more power. Police help with the removal. The removal started early in the morning on April 25. Police told people to leave by the evening before. First, they remove houses in three areas. Police say they help people who have no other place to go. The removal was quiet. People moved their things in small trucks. The Prime Minister said this is good for the city. It helps stop floods and clean the rivers. He said the government will find real poor people and give them land. This is part of a big plan to help landless people in 1000 days. Some people like the removal. They are afraid of floods. Some people do not like it. An old woman lived there for 30 years and does not know where to go. Human rights groups say this is not fair. They say the government must check first and give new homes.

Conclusion

The removal will continue. The government says it will give land to some people. Human rights groups are watching.

Vocabulary Learning

fair (adj.)
treating people equally and justly公平的;公正的
Example:Human rights groups say this is not fair.
flood (n.)
a large amount of water covering dry land洪水;水災
Example:It helps stop floods and clean the rivers.
hurt (v.)
cause pain or injury傷害;使受傷
Example:36 people got hurt in 2022.
land (n.)
the solid part of the earth's surface土地;陸地
Example:The government will find real poor people and give them land.
remove (v.)
take away or take off移除;清除
Example:The government started to remove houses near rivers.

Sentence Learning

On April 25, 2025, the government of Nepal started to remove houses near rivers in Kathmandu.
Time Marker: The phrase "On April 25, 2025" tells when the action started.片語「On April 25, 2025」說明了行動開始的時間。
But people have different feelings about it.
Contrast Connector: The word "But" shows a contrast with the previous idea.詞語「But」表示與前一個想法形成對比。
Then, people fought and 36 people got hurt.
Time Marker & Connector: "Then" shows the sequence of events; "and" connects two results.「Then」顯示事件的順序;「and」連接兩個結果。
Police help with the removal.
Prepositional Phrase: The phrase "with the removal" tells what the police help do.片語「with the removal」說明了警察協助的內容。
It helps stop floods and clean the rivers.
Addition Connector: The word "and" adds another benefit of the removal.詞語「and」增加了拆除行動的另一個好處。
B2

Nepal Government Starts Eviction of Riverside Squatters in Kathmandu Valley Amid Mixed Reactions

Introduction

On April 25, 2025, the government of Nepal, led by Prime Minister Balendra Shah, started demolishing informal settlements along the riverbanks of Kathmandu Valley. The operation, which had been attempted before when Shah was mayor, went ahead without any reported incidents. However, it has caused different reactions from residents and human rights organizations.

Main Body

The eviction drive follows a previous attempt on November 28, 2022, when Shah, then mayor of Kathmandu, tried to clear the Thapathali settlement. That effort led to a violent clash that left 36 people injured, including the municipal police chief. Shah later asked several home ministers for support but did not get enough help from the federal government. The current operation, now carried out with the authority of the prime minister, involves coordination among the Kathmandu Metropolitan Police, Nepal Police, and Armed Police Force. The demolition began early on April 25, after residents were told to leave by the evening of April 24. The first phase targets settlements in Thapathali, Manohara, and the Sinamangal-Gairigaun areas. According to Bishnu Prasad Joshi, chief of the Kathmandu Metropolitan Police, the authorities are clearing illegal settlements from government land and have offered help to residents who have no other place to stay. The eviction was peaceful, and residents moved their belongings using small trucks. Prime Minister Shah defended the operation on social media, stating that the removal was necessary to relocate citizens from unorganized and flood-prone areas. He emphasized that the government would separate genuine squatters from encroachers and promised to give land to eligible families. Shah also noted that the relocation would improve Kathmandu's drainage system and address river pollution. He described the initiative as part of a long-term solution to a recurring problem, referring to annual flood risks that force residents to flee. The eviction is part of a 100-point plan that includes a nationwide digital survey and verification of landless squatters within 60 days, with resolution through relocation and land allocation within 1,000 days. Reactions among residents varied. Subhadra Karki, a Thapathali resident, expressed support for the drive but called for a proper investigation to distinguish genuine squatters from those who own property elsewhere. Another resident, Dambar Bahadur Tamang, said the decision was acceptable because of the fear of floods. In contrast, Puspa Kaasai, a 65-year-old who had lived in the area for three decades, said she did not know where to go. The eviction has thus created a range of responses, from approval to anxiety. The National Human Rights Commission wrote to the government asking for an update on the implementation of its previous recommendations to identify genuine squatters and arrange alternative housing. Amnesty International issued a statement criticizing the forced eviction, saying it reflects a dangerous weakening of the rule of law and an increasingly authoritarian approach. The organization warned that evicting families without prior verification, proper consultation, or assurance of alternative housing could turn a governance challenge into a preventable human rights crisis. The Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC), acting in a supportive role, has committed to a humane approach. Acting Mayor Sunita Dangol stated that the removal of structures would be carried out with full respect for human dignity, with special attention to vulnerable groups such as senior citizens, the sick, pregnant women, children, and persons with disabilities. She emphasized that the metropolis aims to ensure the process remains dispute-free, safe, and fair, while following legal and judicial standards.

Conclusion

The eviction drive, which is expected to continue in the coming days, has gone ahead without incident but is still being debated. The government has promised to follow up with identification and land distribution, while human rights organizations continue to monitor the process.

Vocabulary Learning

authoritarian (adj.)
dictatorial / demanding total obedience and not allowing freedom獨裁的;專制的
Example:Amnesty International criticized the forced eviction, saying it reflects an increasingly authoritarian approach.
encroacher (n.)
intruder / a person who gradually takes over someone else's land or property侵佔者;侵犯者
Example:The government would separate genuine squatters from encroachers.
eviction (n.)
removal / the act of forcing someone to leave a property驅逐;遷離
Example:The eviction drive follows a previous attempt on November 28, 2022.
verification (n.)
confirmation / the process of checking that something is true or correct核實;驗證
Example:The plan includes a nationwide digital survey and verification of landless squatters.
vulnerable (adj.)
weak / easily hurt or harmed physically or emotionally脆弱的;易受傷害的
Example:Special attention should be given to vulnerable groups such as senior citizens and children.

Sentence Learning

The operation, which had been attempted before when Shah was mayor, went ahead without any reported incidents.
This sentence uses a non-defining relative clause ('which had been attempted...') to provide extra information about the operation. It also uses the passive voice ('had been attempted') to focus on the action rather than the doer. The structure helps add background without interrupting the main clause.此句使用非限制性關係從句('which had been attempted...')提供關於該行動的額外資訊。同時使用被動語態('had been attempted')強調動作而非執行者。這種結構有助於在不中斷主句的情況下加入背景資料。
The eviction drive follows a previous attempt on November 28, 2022, when Shah, then mayor of Kathmandu, tried to clear the Thapathali settlement.
This sentence uses a relative clause introduced by 'when' to specify the time of the previous attempt. The appositive phrase 'then mayor of Kathmandu' provides additional identification of Shah. This structure organizes the timeline clearly.此句使用由'when'引導的關係從句來指明先前嘗試的時間。同位語短語'then mayor of Kathmandu'提供對Shah的額外識別。這種結構清晰地組織時間線。
The demolition began early on April 25, after residents were told to leave by the evening of April 24.
This sentence uses the passive voice ('were told') to emphasize the residents receiving the order rather than who gave it. The time clause 'after residents were told...' shows the sequence of events. This structure is common in formal reporting.此句使用被動語態('were told')強調居民收到命令而非誰下達命令。時間從句'after residents were told...'顯示事件順序。這種結構在正式報導中很常見。
In contrast, Puspa Kaasai, a 65-year-old who had lived in the area for three decades, said she did not know where to go.
This sentence uses the linking phrase 'In contrast' to show a difference between this resident's reaction and previous ones. It also contains a relative clause ('who had lived...') to describe Puspa Kaasai. This structure helps compare opinions.此句使用連接短語'In contrast'來顯示該居民的反應與先前反應的差異。同時包含關係從句('who had lived...')來描述Puspa Kaasai。這種結構有助於比較意見。
The organization warned that evicting families without prior verification, proper consultation, or assurance of alternative housing could turn a governance challenge into a preventable human rights crisis.
This sentence uses a 'that' clause as the object of 'warned' to report the warning. It also uses the preposition 'without' to list missing conditions. The structure allows complex ideas to be expressed clearly in one sentence.此句使用'that'從句作為'warned'的賓語來報告警告。同時使用介詞'without'列出缺失的條件。這種結構允許在一個句子中清晰表達複雜的想法。
C2

Nepal Government Initiates Eviction of Riverside Squatters in Kathmandu Valley Amid Contrasting Assessments

Introduction

On April 25, 2025, the government of Nepal, led by Prime Minister Balendra Shah, commenced the demolition of informal settlements along the riverbanks of Kathmandu Valley. The operation, which had been attempted previously during Shah's tenure as mayor, proceeded without reported incidents but has elicited divergent reactions from residents and human rights organizations.

Main Body

The eviction drive follows a prior attempt on November 28, 2022, when Shah, then mayor of Kathmandu, sought to clear the Thapathali settlement. That effort resulted in a violent confrontation that left 36 individuals injured, including the municipal police chief. Shah subsequently sought support from multiple home ministers but failed to secure sufficient cooperation from the federal government. The current operation, now undertaken with the authority of the prime minister, involves coordination among the Kathmandu Metropolitan Police, Nepal Police, and Armed Police Force. The demolition began in the early hours of April 25, with residents having been instructed to vacate by the evening of April 24. The first phase targets settlements in Thapathali, Manohara, and the Sinamangal-Gairigaun areas. According to Bishnu Prasad Joshi, chief of the Kathmandu Metropolitan Police, the authorities are clearing illegal settlements from government land and have offered assistance to residents lacking alternative accommodation. The eviction proceeded peacefully, with residents transporting belongings via small trucks. Prime Minister Shah defended the operation on social media, stating that the removal was necessary to relocate citizens from unorganized and flood-prone areas. He emphasized that the government would differentiate between genuine squatters and encroachers, and pledged to distribute land to eligible families. Shah also noted that the relocation would improve Kathmandu's drainage system and address the pollution of rivers. He characterized the initiative as part of a long-term solution to a recurring problem, referencing annual flood risks that force residents to flee. The eviction is aligned with a 100-point roadmap that includes a nationwide digital survey and verification of landless squatters within 60 days, with resolution through relocation and land allocation within 1,000 days. Reactions among residents varied. Subhadra Karki, a Thapathali resident, expressed support for the drive but called for proper investigation to distinguish genuine squatters from those who own property elsewhere. Another resident, Dambar Bahadur Tamang, deemed the decision acceptable, citing the fear of floods. Conversely, Puspa Kaasai, a 65-year-old who had lived in the area for three decades, expressed uncertainty about her living situation, stating that she did not know where to go. The eviction has thus generated a spectrum of responses, from approval to anxiety. The National Human Rights Commission wrote to the government seeking an update on the implementation of its previous recommendations to identify genuine squatters and arrange alternative housing. Amnesty International issued a statement characterizing the forced eviction as reflecting a dangerous erosion of the rule of law and an increasingly authoritarian approach. The organization warned that evicting families without prior verification, meaningful consultation, or assurance of alternative housing risked transforming a governance challenge into a preventable human rights crisis. The Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC), acting in a supportive role, has committed to a humane approach. Acting Mayor Sunita Dangol stated that the removal of structures would be conducted with full respect for human dignity, with special attention to vulnerable groups such as senior citizens, the sick, pregnant women, children, and persons with disabilities. She emphasized that the metropolis aims to ensure the process remains dispute-free, safe, and fair, while adhering to legal and judicial standards.

Conclusion

The eviction drive, which is expected to continue in the coming days, has proceeded without incident but remains a subject of debate. The government has pledged to follow up with identification and land distribution, while human rights organizations continue to monitor the process.

Vocabulary Learning

authoritarian (adj.)
favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, often at the expense of personal freedom專制的;獨裁的
Example:The organization warned that the eviction reflected an increasingly authoritarian approach.
divergent (adj.)
differing or moving apart; conflicting分歧的;不同的
Example:The eviction has elicited divergent reactions from residents and human rights organizations.
encroachers (n.)
people who intrude on another's territory or rights侵佔者;侵入者
Example:The government pledged to differentiate between genuine squatters and encroachers.
erosion (n.)
the gradual destruction or weakening of something侵蝕;削弱
Example:Amnesty International characterized the forced eviction as reflecting a dangerous erosion of the rule of law.
tenure (n.)
the holding of an office or position; the period during which it is held任期;在職期間
Example:The operation had been attempted previously during Shah's tenure as mayor.

Sentence Learning

The demolition began in the early hours of April 25, with residents having been instructed to vacate by the evening of April 24.
Absolute Construction with Perfect Passive Participle: This sentence uses an absolute construction introduced by 'with', where the noun 'residents' is followed by the perfect passive participle 'having been instructed'. This structure provides a compact way to express a prior action (the instruction) that occurred before the main clause action (the demolition), adding temporal and causal nuance.絕對結構與完成被動分詞:此句使用由 'with' 引導的絕對結構,名詞 'residents' 後接完成被動分詞 'having been instructed'。這種結構以簡潔方式表達在主句動作(拆除)之前已發生的動作(被指示),增添時間與因果層次。
Amnesty International issued a statement characterizing the forced eviction as reflecting a dangerous erosion of the rule of law and an increasingly authoritarian approach.
Reduced Relative Clause and Gerund Complement: The present participle 'characterizing' functions as a reduced relative clause (equivalent to 'which characterized'), and the phrase 'as reflecting' uses a gerund as the complement of 'characterizing'. This creates a dense, formal structure that condenses multiple ideas into a single clause, typical of high-register journalistic writing.縮減關係子句與動名詞補語:現在分詞 'characterizing' 充當縮減關係子句(相當於 'which characterized'),而 'as reflecting' 片語使用動名詞作為 'characterizing' 的補語。這形成緊湊、正式的結構,將多重概念壓縮於單一子句中,屬高語域新聞寫作特徵。
The organization warned that evicting families without prior verification, meaningful consultation, or assurance of alternative housing risked transforming a governance challenge into a preventable human rights crisis.
Gerund Phrase as Subject and Object Complement: The gerund phrase 'evicting families without prior verification, meaningful consultation, or assurance of alternative housing' acts as the subject of the subordinate clause, while 'transforming...' serves as the object complement of 'risked'. This nominalization allows the sentence to treat a complex action as a single entity, enhancing lexical density and formality.動名詞片語作主語與賓語補語:動名詞片語 'evicting families without prior verification, meaningful consultation, or assurance of alternative housing' 作為從句的主語,而 'transforming...' 則作為 'risked' 的賓語補語。這種名詞化手法將複雜動作視為單一實體,提升詞彙密度與正式性。
The current operation, now undertaken with the authority of the prime minister, involves coordination among the Kathmandu Metropolitan Police, Nepal Police, and Armed Police Force.
Reduced Relative Clause with Past Participle: The past participle phrase 'now undertaken with the authority of the prime minister' is a reduced relative clause modifying 'operation' (equivalent to 'which is now undertaken'). This structure omits the relative pronoun and auxiliary verb, creating a more concise and formal tone, common in expository writing.過去分詞縮減關係子句:過去分詞片語 'now undertaken with the authority of the prime minister' 是修飾 'operation' 的縮減關係子句(相當於 'which is now undertaken')。此結構省略關係代詞與助動詞,使句子更簡潔正式,常見於說明性文本。
The eviction is aligned with a 100-point roadmap that includes a nationwide digital survey and verification of landless squatters within 60 days, with resolution through relocation and land allocation within 1,000 days.
Complex Noun Phrase with Relative Clause and Prepositional Modifiers: The noun phrase 'a 100-point roadmap' is modified by a restrictive relative clause ('that includes...') and further elaborated by two prepositional phrases ('within 60 days' and 'with resolution...within 1,000 days'). This layered modification creates a dense, information-rich structure typical of policy reporting.複雜名詞片語含關係子句與介詞修飾語:名詞片語 'a 100-point roadmap' 受限制性關係子句 ('that includes...') 修飾,並由兩個介詞片語 ('within 60 days' 和 'with resolution...within 1,000 days') 進一步闡述。這種層層修飾形成資訊密集的結構,為政策報導典型特徵。