Researchers Find 27 Potential Planets Orbiting Two Stars

Introduction

Scientists have used data from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) to find 27 potential exoplanets that orbit binary star systems.

Main Body

In the past, finding circumbinary planets—planets that orbit two stars—was difficult because the planet had to align perfectly with the observer's line of sight. This method has only found about 18 confirmed planets, which is far fewer than the 6,000 planets found orbiting single stars. To solve this problem, a team led by Margo Thornton from the University of New South Wales used a different technique called apsidal precession. This method focuses on measuring timing changes in stellar eclipses, which can show the gravitational pull of a hidden third body. After analyzing 1,590 binary systems using TESS data from at least two years, the researchers found 36 systems with unusual behavior. After removing other possible causes, such as rotational effects, they determined that 27 of these candidates have masses similar to planets. These candidates vary greatly in size, ranging from about 12 Earth masses (similar to Neptune) to 3,200 Earth masses (ten times the mass of Jupiter). These systems are located between 650 and 18,000 light-years away from Earth. If these findings are confirmed, the 1.7% detection rate suggests that many circumbinary planets have been missed. The researchers emphasized that the current lack of known planets is likely due to the limits of our detection tools rather than a lack of planets in space. Consequently, applying this method to larger datasets could reveal thousands of new planets. However, final confirmation requires ground-based measurements to determine the exact masses of these objects.

Conclusion

This study has increased the number of potential circumbinary planets, although further verification is needed to confirm their status.

Learning

🚀 From Simple Lists to Complex Connections

An A2 student says: "The method is new. It finds more planets." A B2 student says: "Applying this method to larger datasets could reveal thousands of new planets."

🔍 The Magic of 'Nominalization'

Look at the phrase "Applying this method."

Instead of starting with a person (The scientists apply...), the author turns the action apply into a noun applying. This is the secret bridge to B2 fluency. It allows you to discuss concepts rather than just actions.

How to shift your level:

  • A2 (Action-based): We analyzed the data and found 36 systems.
  • B2 (Concept-based): After analyzing 1,590 binary systems, the researchers found 36 systems.

🛠️ Precision Modifiers

B2 speakers don't just use "very" or "big." They use specific adjectives to show the exact relationship between things. Notice these from the text:

  • "Potential" (Not just 'maybe', but 'having the possibility to become')
  • "Unusual" (Not just 'strange', but 'differing from the norm')
  • "Ground-based" (A compound adjective that provides a specific location/method)

💡 The "Likely" Logic

In the article, the author writes: "...is likely due to the limits of our detection tools."

Stop using "maybe" for everything. Use "likely due to" when you want to explain a probable cause. It transforms your English from a basic conversation to an academic observation.

Example Transformation:Maybe I am late because of traffic. (A2) ✅ My lateness is likely due to the heavy traffic. (B2)

Vocabulary Learning

circumbinary
adj: orbiting around a pair of stars
Example:Circumbinary planets can only be seen when they transit both stars in a binary system.
exoplanet
noun: a planet that orbits a star outside our solar system
Example:The TESS telescope has identified thousands of exoplanets around distant stars.
binary
adj: consisting of two parts; noun: a system of two stars orbiting each other
Example:A binary star system consists of two stars orbiting a common centre of mass.
apsidal precession
noun: the slow rotation of a planet's orbit around a star, causing its closest point to shift over time
Example:Astronomers use apsidal precession to detect unseen planets in binary systems.
gravitational
adj: relating to the force of attraction between masses
Example:The gravitational pull of a planet can cause tiny variations in a star's brightness.
hidden
adj: not visible or known, concealed
Example:Scientists suspect there is a hidden third body affecting the eclipses.
rotational
adj: relating to rotation or spinning
Example:Rotational effects can mimic the signals that astronomers look for in planet detection.
masses
noun: the quantity of matter in an object
Example:The masses of the candidates were compared with those of known planets.
detection
noun: the act of discovering or identifying something
Example:The detection rate of circumbinary planets remains low compared to single-star planets.
dataset
noun: a structured set of data collected for analysis
Example:Analyzing larger datasets could uncover many more planets.
verification
noun: the process of confirming that something is true or correct
Example:Ground-based measurements are required for verification of the candidates.
line of sight
noun: the straight path from an observer to an object
Example:The planet must be aligned with the observer's line of sight to be detected.