Remembering Missing and Murdered Indigenous People Across North America

Introduction

On May 5, Indigenous communities in Canada and the United States observe a national day of awareness to honor missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls, and two-spirit individuals.

Main Body

These events began with the REDress Project, an art installation started over 15 years ago by Métis artist Jaime Black-Morsette. By hanging red dresses in public areas, she created a powerful visual symbol for the systemic violence and disappearance of Indigenous women. This local effort has since grown into an official day of remembrance, featuring marches, vigils, and the creation of non-profit organizations that help people heal through cultural activities. Statistics show that this crisis is very severe. In Canada, data from 2009 to 2021 reveals that homicide rates for Indigenous women and girls were six times higher than for non-Indigenous women. Furthermore, the Assembly of First Nations emphasized that while Indigenous women make up only 4.3% of the population, they represent 16% of female murder victims. There are also clear differences in the legal system; for example, police recommended first-degree murder charges in only 27% of Indigenous cases, compared to 54% for non-Indigenous victims. In the United States, the Department of Justice states that Native Americans and Alaska Natives are more than twice as likely to be victims of violent crime. Although laws like Savanna’s Act were passed in 2020 to improve data collection, their implementation has been inconsistent. While the FBI's 'Operation Not Forgotten' has led to over 200 convictions since 2023, some tribal officials argue that federal resources would be more effective if they were used to hire more tribal police officers. Meanwhile, in Canada, advocates continue to push for a national 'Red Dress Alert' system to find missing persons more quickly, as very few of the official 'calls for justice' have been put into action.

Conclusion

The situation shows a significant gap between the efforts of community activists and the slow pace of official government reforms in both Canada and the United States.

Learning

🧩 The 'Comparison Bridge': Moving from Simple to Sophisticated

At the A2 level, you likely say: "Indigenous women have more murders than other women." This is correct, but it sounds basic. To reach B2, you need to describe proportions and discrepancies using specific structures found in this text.

🚀 Level Up: The "X times higher" Pattern

Look at this sentence: "Homicide rates... were six times higher than for non-Indigenous women."

Instead of just saying "more," B2 speakers use [Number] + [times] + [comparative adjective].

  • A2: The city is bigger than the village.
  • B2: The city is ten times bigger than the village.

⚖️ Contrast Markers: Beyond "But"

To connect complex ideas, the article uses "While" and "Although". These allow you to put two opposite facts in one sentence, which is a hallmark of B2 fluency.

"While Indigenous women make up only 4.3% of the population, they represent 16% of female murder victims."

The Logic: While [Small Group/Fact A], [Large Impact/Fact B].

🚩 Vocabulary Shift: From 'Bad' to 'Systemic'

Stop using words like "bad" or "wrong." Use the text's academic descriptors to sound more professional:

A2 WordB2 Upgrade (from text)Why it's better
Bad/BigSevereDescribes a crisis with intensity.
SlowInconsistentDescribes a process that doesn't happen the same way every time.
DifferenceSignificant gapDescribes a wide space between two different realities.

Vocabulary Learning

homicide
the act of unlawfully killing someone
Example:The homicide rate among Indigenous women was six times higher than that of non-Indigenous women.
installation (n.)
a piece of art or machinery set up in a particular place
Example:The museum displayed a new installation of contemporary art.
systemic
relating to or affecting an entire system
Example:The red dresses symbolised systemic violence against Indigenous women.
violence (n.)
physical force used to hurt or harm someone
Example:The report highlighted the increasing violence in the city.
disappearance
the act of going missing without a trace
Example:The disappearance of many Indigenous girls remains a pressing issue.
disappearance (n.)
the act of vanishing or being lost
Example:The disappearance of the hikers shocked everyone.
vigils
periods of staying awake to remember someone
Example:Communities held vigils to honour the victims.
remembrance (n.)
the act of remembering or honoring someone
Example:The ceremony was a moment of remembrance for the lost.
non-profit
not aiming to make a profit
Example:Non-profit organisations help people heal.
vigils (n.)
periods of staying awake to watch or pray for someone
Example:Families held vigils to honor the victims.
crisis
a time of great trouble or danger
Example:The crisis of missing Indigenous women is severe.
non-profit (adj.)
not aimed at making money; operated for a purpose other than profit
Example:She works for a non-profit that supports refugees.
emphasized
gave special importance to
Example:The Assembly emphasized the disparity in victim statistics.
crisis (n.)
a serious, difficult, or dangerous situation
Example:The country is facing an economic crisis.
represent
to stand for or symbolize
Example:Indigenous women represent 16% of murder victims.
homicide (n.)
the killing of a person by another
Example:The homicide was investigated by the police.
recommended
suggested as a good choice
Example:Police recommended first‑degree murder charges in only 27% of cases.
emphasize (v.)
to give special importance or attention to something
Example:The speaker emphasized the importance of education.
implementation
the act of putting a plan into action
Example:The implementation of Savanna’s Act has been inconsistent.
represent (v.)
to stand for or symbolize something or someone
Example:She represents her community at the conference.
inconsistent
not uniform or reliable
Example:Data collection has been inconsistent.
legal (adj.)
relating to law or the legal system
Example:The legal process can be slow.
convictions
formal findings of guilt
Example:Operation Not Forgotten led to over 200 convictions.
recommended (adj.)
suggested or advised as a good choice
Example:The doctor recommended a balanced diet.
effective
producing the desired result
Example:Federal resources would be more effective if used for tribal police.
first-degree (adj.)
the most serious level of a crime, especially in murder charges
Example:He was charged with first-degree murder.
advocates
people who support a cause
Example:Advocates push for a national Red Dress Alert.
murder (n.)
the unlawful killing of a person
Example:The murder shocked the nation.
push
to encourage or insist on something
Example:They push for a faster response.
effective (adj.)
producing the intended result or outcome
Example:The new policy proved to be effective.
alert
a warning or notification
Example:A Red Dress Alert system could help find missing people.
tribal (adj.)
relating to a group of people sharing a common culture or ancestry
Example:Tribal leaders met to discuss the issue.
justice
fairness or the legal system
Example:Calls for justice have been slow to act.
gap (n.)
a space or difference between two things
Example:There is a gap between the two proposals.
gap
a difference or space between two things
Example:There is a gap between activism and reform.
reforms (n.)
changes made to improve an institution or system
Example:The reforms aim to improve the education system.
activists
people who campaign for change
Example:Community activists work to raise awareness.
alert (n.)
a warning or notification about a danger or issue
Example:The alert warned of impending danger.
reforms
changes made to improve something
Example:Government reforms are slow.
resources (n.)
supplies or assets that can be used to achieve a goal
Example:The organization has limited resources.