Earthquakes in Northern Japan

A2

Earthquakes in Northern Japan

Introduction

On April 27, a strong earthquake hit the Hokkaido region of Japan.

Main Body

The earthquake happened at 5:24 in the morning. It was strong, but it did not cause a tsunami. Not many people live in this area, so most people were safe. Some rocks fell from mountains. One week before, another big earthquake hit northern Japan on April 20. Six people were hurt. The water at the coast rose by 80 centimeters. Some trains stopped working for a short time. Japan has many earthquakes every year. This is because the land moves a lot in this part of the world. In 2011, a very big earthquake killed many people and broke a power plant.

Conclusion

The government is watching the land now. People in the north must be careful and stay away from the ocean.

Vocabulary Learning

morning (n.)
dawn / the first part of the day, from sunrise to noon早晨;上午
Example:The earthquake happened at 5:24 in the morning.
people (n.)
persons / human beings in general人們;人
Example:Not many people live in this area.
safe (adj.)
secure / free from danger or harm安全
Example:Most people were safe.
strong (adj.)
powerful / having great strength強大;有力
Example:The earthquake was strong.
water (n.)
liquid / a clear, colorless liquid that people drink
Example:The water at the coast rose by 80 centimeters.

Sentence Learning

It was strong, but it did not cause a tsunami.
Connector: The word 'but' shows a contrast between two ideas.連接詞: 'but' 一詞表示兩個想法之間的對比。
The earthquake happened at 5:24 in the morning.
Time: The phrase 'in the morning' tells us when the event happened.時間: 'in the morning' 這個片語說明事件發生的時間。
The water at the coast rose by 80 centimeters.
Preposition: The words 'at' and 'by' are prepositions that show place and amount.介詞: 'at' 與 'by' 是介詞,用來表示位置和數量。
Six people were hurt.
Past Tense: The verb 'were' is in the simple past tense, showing what happened before now.過去式: 動詞 'were' 用簡單過去式,表示發生在現在之前的事。
The government is watching the land now.
Present Tense: The verb 'is watching' is in the present continuous tense, showing an action happening right now.現在式: 動詞 'is watching' 用現在進行式,表示正在進行的動作。
B2

Earthquake Activity in Northern Japan and the Hokkaido Region

Introduction

On April 27, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake hit the Hokkaido region of Japan, following a period of increased seismic activity in the northern part of the country.

Main Body

The earthquake occurred at 05:24 JST in southern Hokkaido, with the center located about 18 kilometers west of Sarabetsu. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported a seismic intensity of '5+' in the central Tokachi region, while the US Geological Survey (USGS) estimated the depth at around 80 to 81 kilometers. No tsunami warnings were issued, and the USGS stated that the risk to people and property was low because the area east of Sapporo is not densely populated. However, the JMA warned that landslides and rockfalls were more likely in areas that felt strong tremors. This event happened only one week after a larger earthquake on April 20, when a magnitude 7.5 to 7.7 quake struck off northern Iwate prefecture. That earlier event caused six injuries and created an 80-centimeter tsunami at Kuji port. As a result, the JMA issued a special advisory, claiming that the probability of a 'megaquake' with a magnitude of 8.0 or higher was currently above normal levels. While nuclear plant operators emphasized that there were no problems at the Higashidori, Onagawa, and Fukushima facilities, the Tohoku Shinkansen train service between Tokyo and Shin-Aomori was suspended. From a geological point of view, Japan experiences many earthquakes because it is located on four major tectonic plates along the Pacific 'Ring of Fire.' The country averages about 1,500 earthquakes per year, which is roughly 18 percent of all global seismic activity. This vulnerability was clearly seen during the 2011 magnitude 9.0 undersea earthquake, which led to approximately 18,500 deaths or missing persons and a nuclear meltdown at the Fukushima plant.

Conclusion

The JMA continues to monitor the situation closely. Residents in northern regions are advised to stay alert and avoid coastal areas as long as the seismic advisories remain in effect.

Vocabulary Learning

intensity (n.)
strength or degree of something, especially in the context of earthquakes強度
Example:The earthquake had an intensity of 5+.
nuclear (adj.)
relating to the atom or atomic energy, especially in the context of power plants核能的
Example:The nuclear plant operators emphasized that there were no problems at the Fukushima facility.
seismic (adj.)
pertaining to earthquakes / related to the movement of the Earth's crust震動的
Example:The region experiences frequent seismic activity.
tsunami (n.)
a large sea wave caused by an underwater disturbance such as an earthquake海嘯
Example:The quake triggered a tsunami that reached 80 centimeters.
vulnerability (n.)
the state of being susceptible to harm or damage易受損性
Example:Japan's vulnerability to earthquakes is high due to its location.

Sentence Learning

No tsunami warnings were issued.
Passive Voice: This sentence uses the passive voice; the subject 'No tsunami warnings' receives the action of the verb 'were issued', indicating that the warnings were produced by an unspecified agent.被動語態: 這句話使用被動語態,動詞 'were issued' 表示動作被施加於主語 'No tsunami warnings',主語為動作的承受者。
However, the JMA warned that landslides and rockfalls were more likely in areas that felt strong tremors.
Relative Clause: The clause 'that felt strong tremors' is a relative clause modifying 'areas', providing essential information about which areas are more likely to experience landslides and rockfalls.關係子句: 子句 'that felt strong tremors' 係關係子句,用來修飾 'areas',提供哪些地區更易發生滑坡與落石的必要資訊。
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported a seismic intensity of '5+' in the central Tokachi region, while the US Geological Survey (USGS) estimated the depth at around 80 to 81 kilometers.
Contrast Conjunction: The conjunction 'while' contrasts the two actions of reporting seismic intensity and estimating depth, showing that they occurred simultaneously but by different agencies.對比連接詞: 連接詞 'while' 用於對比兩個動作:報告地震強度與估算深度,表明它們同時發生但由不同機構執行。
As a result, the JMA issued a special advisory, claiming that the probability of a 'megaquake' with a magnitude of 8.0 or higher was currently above normal levels.
Causal Linking: The phrase 'As a result' indicates a cause-and-effect relationship, explaining that the JMA issued a special advisory as a consequence of the heightened probability of a megaquake.因果連接詞: 片語 'As a result' 表示因果關係,說明 JMA 發出特別勸告是因為大地震的可能性升高。
Residents in northern regions are advised to stay alert and avoid coastal areas as long as the seismic advisories remain in effect.
Conditional Conjunction: The phrase 'as long as' introduces a condition, meaning residents should stay alert and avoid coastal areas only while the seismic advisories are in effect.條件連接詞: 片語 'as long as' 引入條件,表示只要地震勸告仍在效力期間,居民應保持警覺並避免沿海地區。
C2

Seismic Activity in Northern Japan and the Hokkaido Region

Introduction

On April 27, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurred in the Hokkaido region of Japan, following a period of heightened seismic activity in the northern part of the country.

Main Body

The earthquake took place at 05:24 JST in southern Hokkaido, with the epicenter located approximately 18 kilometers west of Sarabetsu. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) recorded a seismic intensity of '5+' in the central Tokachi region, while the United States Geological Survey (USGS) estimated the depth at approximately 80 to 81 kilometers. No tsunami warnings were issued following this event, and the USGS indicated that the risk to human life and property was minimal due to the low population density in the area east of Sapporo. However, the JMA noted an increased probability of landslides and rockfalls in areas that experienced significant tremors. This event occurred within a week of a larger seismic disturbance on April 20, when a magnitude 7.5 to 7.7 earthquake struck off northern Iwate prefecture. That earlier event resulted in six injuries and the observation of an 80-centimeter tsunami at Kuji port. In response to the April 20 event, the JMA issued a special advisory regarding the increased probability of a 'megaquake' with a magnitude of 8.0 or higher, stating that the likelihood of such an event was higher than baseline levels. While nuclear plant operators reported no abnormalities at the Higashidori, Onagawa, Fukushima Daiichi, and Fukushima Daini facilities, the Tohoku Shinkansen service was suspended between Tokyo and Shin-Aomori. From a geological perspective, Japan's high frequency of seismic events is attributed to its location on four major tectonic plates along the Pacific 'Ring of Fire.' The nation averages approximately 1,500 earthquakes annually, representing roughly 18 percent of global seismic activity. This vulnerability is historically evidenced by the 2011 magnitude 9.0 undersea earthquake, which resulted in approximately 18,500 deaths or missing persons and a nuclear meltdown at the Fukushima plant.

Conclusion

The current situation is characterized by ongoing monitoring by the JMA, with residents in northern regions advised to remain vigilant and avoid coastal areas while seismic advisories remain in effect.

Vocabulary Learning

epicenter (n.)
the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake / 震央
Example:The epicenter of the recent quake was located near the coast.
intensity (n.)
a measure of the strength of an earthquake, often expressed on a scale / 震度
Example:The local authorities measured the earthquake's intensity at 5+.
probability (n.)
the likelihood or chance that a particular event will occur / 機率
Example:Scientists warned of the probability of another major quake.
tectonic (adj.)
concerning the structure and movements of the Earth's crust / 構造的
Example:Tectonic plates collide, causing seismic activity.
vulnerability (n.)
the state of being susceptible to harm or damage / 脆弱性
Example:The region's vulnerability to earthquakes is high due to its location.

Sentence Learning

The earthquake took place at 05:24 JST in southern Hokkaido, with the epicenter located approximately 18 kilometers west of Sarabetsu.
Reduced Relative Clause: The phrase "with the epicenter located approximately 18 kilometers west of Sarabetsu" acts as a reduced relative clause, giving additional detail about the epicenter's position without using a relative pronoun.簡化關係子句: 「with the epicenter located approximately 18 kilometers west of Sarabetsu」作為簡化的關係子句,提供震央位置的額外資訊,省略了關係代詞。
While nuclear plant operators reported no abnormalities at the Higashidori, Onagawa, Fukushima Daiichi, and Fukushima Daini facilities, the Tohoku Shinkansen service was suspended between Tokyo and Shin-Aomori.
Concessive Clause: The subordinate clause beginning with "While" introduces a concession, contrasting the lack of abnormalities at nuclear facilities with the suspension of the Shinkansen service.讓步子句: 「While nuclear plant operators reported no abnormalities…」這個讓步子句將核電廠無異常的情況與新幹線停運形成對比。
The nation averages approximately 1,500 earthquakes annually, representing roughly 18 percent of global seismic activity.
Participial Phrase: The participial phrase "representing roughly 18 percent of global seismic activity" modifies the preceding clause, indicating the proportion of earthquakes.分詞短語: 「representing roughly 18 percent of global seismic activity」作為分詞短語,修飾前句,說明日本地震占全球地震的比例。
This vulnerability is historically evidenced by the 2011 magnitude 9.0 undersea earthquake, which resulted in approximately 18,500 deaths or missing persons and a nuclear melt down at the Fukushima plant.
Relative Clause: The relative clause "which resulted in approximately 18,500 deaths or missing persons and a nuclear melt down at the Fukushima plant" provides additional information about the 2011 earthquake.關係子句: 「which resulted in approximately 18,500 deaths or missing persons and a nuclear melt down at the Fukushima plant」作為關係子句,補充說明2011年地震的後果。
From a geological perspective, Japan's high frequency of seismic events is attributed to its location on four major tectonic plates along the Pacific 'Ring of Fire.'
Fronted Prepositional Phrase: The prepositional phrase "From a geological perspective" is fronted to set the context before the main clause.前置介詞短語: 「From a geological perspective」作為前置介詞短語,置於句首以設定語境。